| Part of Unification of Saudi Arabia | |
 Prince Faisal in 1942, who announced the unification in 1932 on Ibn Saud's behalf and would later himself become the king in 1964 | |
| Native name | إعلان توحيد المملكة العربية السعودية |
|---|---|
| Date | 23 September 1932 |
| Venue | Al Hamidiyah Palace |
| Location | Mecca, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd → Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Participants | Ibn Saud Faisal bin Abdulaziz Fuad Hamza Abdullah al-Fadl |
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The Declaration of the Unification of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: إعلان توحيد المملكة العربية السعودية, romanized: Īʿlān Taūḥīd Al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah as-Suʿūdīyah) was officially announced by Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz, the Viceroy of Hejaz on behalf of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 23, 1932 (corresponding to 21 Jumada al-Ula 1351 Hijri), at 9:00 am from al-Hamidiyah Palace in Mecca. Faisal read out the Royal Decree No. 2716 issued by Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 18, 1932,[1][2][3] that renamed the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[4][5][6]
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The declaration marked the establishment of the fifth and final iteration of the Third Saudi State as well as the formal culmination of Abdulaziz's nearly thirty-years of political and military campaign to unite the Arabian Peninsula under a single unitary traditionalist Islamic polity. 23 September is commemorated annually by the Saudi National Day (al-Yawm al-Waṭanī), a national holiday established in 2007 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary.[7]
In 1934, nearly two years after the country's proclamation, Saudi Arabia and North Yemen went to war with each other over the territorial claims of al-Hudaydah, Jizan, Asir and Najran. The war ended with swift Saudi victory where Jizan, Asir and Najran came under Riyadh's jurisdiction and a Treaty of Taif was signed between Ibn Saud and Yahya Hamid ed-Din that guaranteed 20 years of peace between the two neighboring states. The war was the last battle for the unification of Saudi Arabia and the borders of the country remained mostly unchanged up until the Buraimi crisis.
- ^ Heath, Kathryn Gladys (1962). Ministries of education: their functions and organization, United States of America with the cooperation of sixty-nine governments. U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education.
- ^ The Middle East. Europa Publications. 1948.
- ^ "Decree No. 2716 for establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: September 18, 1932". Constitutions of Nations. HeinOnline world constitutions illustrated. Saudi Arabia. 1950.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "المملكة العربية السعودية... قصة "إعلان التوحيد"". الشرق الأوسط (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ^ "National Day... The golden annals that were never scripted". Saudigazette. 2022-09-23. Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ^ "صحيفة الشرق الأوسط | في الساعة التاسعة من صباح يوم الخميس 23 سبتمبر 1932م ومن قصر الحميدية أعلن الأمير فيصل بن عبد العزيز نائب الملك في الحجاز عن ميلاد المملكة العربية السعودية رسمياً". موقع نبض. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
- ^ Podeh, Elie (2011-06-30). The Politics of National Celebrations in the Arab Middle East. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00108-4. Archived from the original on 2022-11-23. Retrieved 2022-11-27.