Prognathism

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Prognathism" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Prognathism
Other names	Habsburg jaw (in the case of mandibular prognathism)
Illustration of different types
Specialty	Orthodontics
Types	Alveolar Maxillary Mandibular or progenism
Causes	Multifactorial
Treatment	Orthodontics; oral and maxillofacial surgery
Frequency	Children: 0.5 to 2.0% Adult: 2.0 to 4.0%[1]

Prognathism is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull.^{[clarification needed]}

In the case of mandibular prognathism (never maxillary prognathism) this is often also referred to as Habsburg chin, Habsburg's chin, Habsburg jaw or Habsburg's jaw^[2][3] especially when referenced with context of its prevalence amongst historical members of the House of Habsburg.^[2]

Mandibular prognathism is typically pathological, whereas maxillary prognathism is often found as a result of normal human population variation.

In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontics, this is assessed clinically or radiographically (cephalometrics). The word prognathism derives from Greek πρό (pro, meaning 'forward') and γνάθος (gnáthos, 'jaw'). One or more types of prognathism can result in the common condition of malocclusion, in which an individual's top teeth and lower teeth do not align properly.^{[citation needed]}