Prognathism

Prognathism
Other namesHabsburg jaw (in the case of mandibular prognathism)
Illustration of different types
SpecialtyOrthodontics Edit this on Wikidata
Types
  • Alveolar
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular or progenism
CausesMultifactorial
TreatmentOrthodontics; oral and maxillofacial surgery
Frequency
  • Children: 0.5 to 2.0%
  • Adult: 2.0 to 4.0%[1]

Prognathism is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull.[clarification needed]

In the case of mandibular prognathism (never maxillary prognathism) this is often also referred to as Habsburg chin, Habsburg's chin, Habsburg jaw or Habsburg's jaw[2][3] especially when referenced with context of its prevalence amongst historical members of the House of Habsburg.[2]

Mandibular prognathism is typically pathological, whereas maxillary prognathism is often found as a result of normal human population variation.

In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontics, this is assessed clinically or radiographically (cephalometrics). The word prognathism derives from Greek πρό (pro, meaning 'forward') and γνάθος (gnáthos, 'jaw'). One or more types of prognathism can result in the common condition of malocclusion, in which an individual's top teeth and lower teeth do not align properly.[citation needed]

  1. ^ Wolff, Wienker & Sander 1993, p. 112.
  2. ^ a b Peacock, Zachary S.; Klein, Katherine P.; Mulliken, John B.; Kaban, Leonard B. (September 2014). "The Habsburg Jaw-re-examined". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 164A (9): 2263–2269. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36639. PMID 24942320. S2CID 35651759.
  3. ^ Zamudio Martínez, Gabriela; Zamudio Martínez, Adriana (2020). "A Royal Family Heritage: The Habsburg Jaw". Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine. 22 (2): 120–121. doi:10.1089/fpsam.2019.29017.mar. PMID 32083497. S2CID 211232475.