Progress (spacecraft)

Progress

Progress MS-11 spacecraft in space
Country of origin	Soviet Union / Russia
Operator	Roscosmos
Applications	Cargo resupply
Specifications
Spacecraft type	Cargo
Payload capacity	2,400 kg (5,300 lb)
Volume	7.6 m3 (270 cu ft)
Design life	180 days docked to a space station[a]
Dimensions
Length	7.23 m (23.7 ft)
Diameter	2.72 m (8 ft 11 in)

The Progress (Russian: Прогресс) is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver the supplies needed to sustain a human presence in orbit. While it does not carry a crew, it can be boarded by astronauts when docked to a space station, hence it is classified as crewed by its manufacturer.^[1][2][3] Progress is derived from the crewed Soyuz spacecraft and launches on the same launch vehicle, a Soyuz rocket.

Progress has supported space stations as early as Salyut 6 and as recently as the International Space Station (ISS). Each year there are between three and four Progress flights to the ISS. A Progress remains docked until shortly before being replaced with a new one or a Soyuz (which will use the same docking port). Then it is filled with waste, disconnected, and de-orbited, at which point it burns up in the atmosphere. Due to the variation in Progress vehicles flown to the ISS, NASA uses its own nomenclature where "ISS 1P" means the first Progress spacecraft to ISS.

Progress was developed because of the need for a constant source of supplies to make long duration space missions possible. It was determined that cosmonauts needed an inflow of consumables (food, water, air, etc.), plus there was a need for maintenance items and scientific payloads that necessitated a dedicated cargo carrier. Such payloads were impractical to launch with passengers in the restricted space of a Soyuz. As of 15 February 2021, there have been 168 Progress flights with three failures. All three failures occurred between 2011 and 2016.

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