| Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1, trimer, Human | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 3.1.3.48 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 79747-53-8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.48, systematic name protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase) are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins:
- [a protein]-tyrosine phosphate + H2O = [a protein]-tyrosine + phosphate
Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification that can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localization, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. As a consequence, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases (PTPase; EC 3.1.3.48) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. These enzymes are key regulatory components in signal transduction pathways (such as the MAP kinase pathway) and cell cycle control, and are important in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, transformation, and synaptic plasticity.[1][2][3][4]
- ^ Dixon JE, Denu JM (2018). "Protein tyrosine phosphatases: mechanisms of catalysis and regulation". Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2 (5): 633–41. doi:10.1016/S1367-5931(98)80095-1. PMID 9818190.
- ^ Paul S, Lombroso PJ (2020). "Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases in the nervous system". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60 (11): 2465–82. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3123-7. PMC 11138652. PMID 14625689. S2CID 10827975.
- ^ Zhang Y, Kurup P, Xu J, Carty N, Fernandez SM, Nygaard HB, Pittenger C, Greengard P, Strittmatter SM, Nairn AC, Lombroso PJ (Nov 2018). "Genetic reduction of striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) reverses cognitive and cellular deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (44): 19014–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10719014Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013543107. PMC 2973892. PMID 20956308.
- ^ Goebel-Goody SM, Wilson-Wallis ED, Royston S, Tagliatela SM, Naegele JR, Lombroso PJ (Jul 2019). "Genetic manipulation of STEP reverses behavioral abnormalities in a fragile X syndrome mouse model". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 11 (5): 586–600. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2012.00781.x. PMC 3922131. PMID 22405502.