 The words Die Psychoanalyse in Sigmund Freud's handwriting, 1938 | |
| ICD-9-CM | 94.31 |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D011572 |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Psychoanalysis |
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Psychoanalysis[i] is a theory developed by Sigmund Freud. It describes the human mind as an apparatus that emerged along the path of evolution and consists mainly of three functionally interlocking instances: a set of innate needs, a consciousness to satisfy them by ruling the muscular apparatus, and a memory for storing experiences that arises during this. Furthermore the theory includes insights into the effects of traumatic education and a technique for bringing repressed content back into the consciousness, in particular the diagnostic interpretation of dreams.[ii][iii] Overall, psychoanalysis is a method for the treatment of mental disorders.
Founded in the early 1890s, initially in co-operation with Josef Breuer's and others' clinical research,[1] Freud continued to revise and refine theory and practice of psychoanalysis until his death in 1939. An encyclopaedic article quotes him with following cornerstones of psychoanalysis:
- the assumption that there are unconscious mental processes
- recognition of the theory of repression and resistance
- appreciation of the importance of sexuality and of
- the Oedipus complex.[2]
Using similar psychoanalytical terms, Freud's earlier colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Jung developed their own therapeutic methods, the so called individual - and analytical psychology. Freud wrote some criticisms of them and emphatically denied that they were forms of psychoanalysis.[3]
Later Freudian thinkers like Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan branched Psychoanalysis in different directions.[4] Jacques Lacan's work essentially represents a return to Freud.[5] He described Freudian metapsychology as a technical elaboration of the three-instance model of the psyche and examined primarily the logical structure of the unconscious.[6]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-roman> tags or {{efn-lr}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-roman}} template or {{notelist-lr}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Mitchell, Juliet. 2000. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis. London: Penguin Books. p. 341.
- ^ Mitchell J (1975). Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Pelican. p. 343.
- ^ Freud S (1966). On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 5.
- ^ Birnbach, Martin. 1961. Neo-Freudian Social Philosophy. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 3.
- ^ Julien P (2021). Jacques Lacan's Return to Freud. New York University Press. doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814743232.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-8147-4323-2.
- ^ Lacan J. Freud's Papers on Technique (Seminar of Jacques Lacan). Jacques Alain.