 The words "Die Psychoanalyse" in Sigmund Freud's handwriting, 1938 | |
| ICD-9-CM | 94.31 |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D011572 |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Psychoanalysis |
|---|
.jpeg) |
Psychoanalysis[i] is a theory developed by Sigmund Freud. It describes the human soul as an ‘apparatus’ that emerged along the path of evolution and consists mainly of three parts complement each other through their specific function: a set of innate needs, a consciousness that serves to satisfy them, and a memory for the retrievable storage of the experiences made during this. Furtherhin it includes insights into the effects of traumatic education and a technique for bringing repressed content back into the realm of consciousness, in particular the diagnostic interpretation of dreams.[ii][iii] Overall, psychoanalysis represents a method for the treatment of mental disorders.
Founded in the early 1890s, initially in co-operation with Josef Breuer's and others clinical research,[1] Freud continued to revise and refine theory and practice of the discipline until the end of his life in 1939. An encyclopaedic article quotes him with following cornerstones of psychoanalysis:
- "the assumption that there are unconscious mental processes,
- recognition of the theory of repression and resistance,
- appreciation of the importance of sexuality
- and of the Oedipus complex."[2]
Using no less psychoanalytical terms, Freud's earlier colleagues Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung developed their own therapeutic methods, which the first called individual psychology and the latter analytical psychology. Freud wrote some criticisms of them and emphatically denied that they were forms of psychoanalysis.[3]
Later neo-Freudian thinkers like Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, and Harry Stack Sullivan developed or branched Psychoanalysis in different directions.[4] Jacques Lacan's work essentially represents a return to Freud. He described Freudian metapsychology as a technical elaboration of the three-instance model of the psyche and primarily examined the logical structure of the unconscious.[5][6]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-roman> tags or {{efn-lr}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-roman}} template or {{notelist-lr}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Mitchell, Juliet. 2000. Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis. London: Penguin Books. p. 341.
- ^ Mitchell J (1975). Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Pelican Books. p. 343.
- ^ Freud S (1966). On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement. New York: W.W. Norton and Co. p. 5.
- ^ Birnbach, Martin. 1961. Neo-Freudian Social Philosophy. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 3.
- ^ Julien P (2021). Jacques Lacan's Return to Freud. New York University Press. doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814743232.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-8147-4323-2. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ Lacan J. Freud's Papers on Technique (Seminar of Jacques Lacan). Jacques Alain.