^Walker, F. (1849). List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 485–687.
^Ross H. Arnett, American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico Edition: 2, illustrated, Published by CRC Press, 2000, ISBN0-8493-0212-9, ISBN978-0-8493-0212-1. See page 872
^Kerr, Peter H. (2010). "Phylogeny and classification of Rhagionidae, with implications for Tabanomorpha (Diptera: Brachycera)". Zootaxa. 2592 (1): 1–133.