This article is about the viper species "common puff adder", native to Africa. For the viper subfamily commonly known as "puff-adders", see Bitis. For the non-venomous snake native to North America, colloquially known as "puff adder", see Heterodon.
The puff adder (Bitis arietans) is a highly venomous viperspecies found in savannahs and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rainforest regions.[3] It is responsible for causing the most snakebite fatalities in Africa owing to various factors, such as its wide distribution, frequent occurrence in highly populated regions, and aggressive disposition.[4][5] Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[6]
The species is commonly known as the puff adder,[4][7]African puff adder,[8][9] or common puff adder.[10]
^McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^U.S. Navy. 1991. Venomous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN0-486-26629-X.
^ abMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN0-89464-877-2.
^Spawls S, Howell K, Drewes R, Ashe J. 2004. A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. A & C Black Publishers Ltd., London. 543 pp. ISBN0-7136-6817-2.