Punjabi nationalism

This article is about the ideology that asserts Punjabi cultural solidarity. For the militant separatist movement aimed at creating an independent Sikh country, see Khalistan movement.
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Punjabi nationalism[1][2][3][4][5][6] is an ideology which emphasizes that the Punjabis are one nation and promotes the cultural unity of Punjabis around the world. The demands of the Punjabi nationalist movement are linguistic, cultural, economic and political rights.[7][8][9][10][11]

In Pakistan, the ideology is used to stop the state-sponsored suppression of Punjabi in favor of Urdu,[12][full citation needed] while in India the goal is to bring together the Sikh and Punjabi Hindu communities and promote the Punjabi language in regions of Northern India.[13] Supporters in the Punjabi diaspora focus on the promotion of a shared cultural heritage.[14]

Punjabi Nationalism also has close links to Sikh Nationalism due to the religious significance of Punjabi and Gurmukhi script in Sikhism.[15] With the advent of the notion of Devanagari script and Hindi or Sanskrit as a language associated with Hindu nationalism and Arya Samaj advancing the cause of Devanagari in the late 19th century, the cause of Gurmukhi was advanced by Singh Sabha Movement.[16][17][18] This later culminated in Punjabi Sooba movement where Sikhs who mostly identified Punjabi as their mother tongue, while Hindus identifying with Hindi in the census, leading to trifurcation of state on a linguistic basis in 1966 and the formation of a Sikh majority, Punjabi speaking state in India.[19] During the Khalistan movement, Sikh militants were known to enforce Punjabi language, Gurmukhi script and traditional Punjabi cultural dress in Punjab.[20] SGPC in its 1946 Sikh State resolution declared the Punjab region as the natural homeland of the Sikhs.[21][22] Anandpur Sahib Resolution also links Sikhism to Punjab as a Sikh homeland.[23]

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  1. ^ Dixit, Kanak Mani (4 December 2018). "Two Punjabs, one South Asia". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  2. ^ "Reader's comment: Pakistan's movement to revive Punjabi culture faces no viable threat". Scroll.in. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  3. ^ "A history steeped in Punjabi and Punjabiyat". The Tribune. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  4. ^ Bhardwaj, Ajay (15 August 2012). "The absence in Punjabiyat's split universe". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  5. ^ Kachhava, Priyanka (26 January 2015). "Of Punjabiyat, quest to migrate and 'muted masculinity'". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  6. ^ Ayres, Alyssa (August 2008). "Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab". The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (3). The Association for Asian Studies, Inc.: 917–946. doi:10.1017/s0021911808001204. S2CID 56127067.
  7. ^ Paracha, Nadeem F. (31 May 2015). "Smokers' Corner: The other Punjab". dawn.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  8. ^ "Pakistani scholars come to grips with another ethnic ideology: Punjabi nationalism".
  9. ^ "The News on Sunday". The News on Sunday. 5 July 2015. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  10. ^ "A labour of love and a battle cry for logical minds". The News International, Pakistan. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  11. ^ Dogra, Chander Suta (26 October 2013). "'Punjabiyat' on a hilltop". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  12. ^ Punjabiyyat, In the name of (15 February 2015). "The News on Sunday". TNS – The News on Sunday. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  13. ^ Singh, IP (17 May 2015). "No Punjabi versus Hindi divide now". The Times of India. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  14. ^ "The idea of Punjabiyat". Himal Southasian. 1 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  15. ^ "Gurmukhi Script: An artistic tradition that captures Punjab's soul and spirit". Hindustan Times. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  16. ^ "RSS and Sikhs: defining a religion, and how their relationship has evolved". The Indian Express. 18 October 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  17. ^ Jones, Kenneth W. (1973). "Ham Hindu Nahin: Arya-Sikh Relations, 1877–1905". The Journal of Asian Studies. 32 (3): 457–475. doi:10.2307/2052684. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2052684. S2CID 163885354.
  18. ^ Gupte, Pranay (8 September 1985). "THE PUNJAB: TORN BY TERROR". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  19. ^ "How Punjab was won". The Indian Express. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Militants tell villagers in Punjab to mention Punjabi as their mother tongue". India Today. 28 February 1991. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  21. ^ "SGPC's 1946 resolution on 'Sikh state': What Simranjit Singh Mann missed". The Indian Express. 15 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  22. ^ Vasudeva, Vikas (12 May 2022). "SGPC urged to support pro-Khalistan resolution". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  23. ^ "Anandpur Sahib Resolution 1973 – JournalsOfIndia". 16 February 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2023.