Purple martin

Purple martin
	Adult male
	Adult female
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Hirundinidae
Genus:	Progne
Species:	P. subis
Binomial name
	Progne subis; (Linnaeus, 1758)
	Approximate distribution map Breeding Migration Non-breeding
Synonyms
	Hirundo subis Linnaeus, 1758;

The purple martin (Progne subis) is a passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It is the largest swallow in North America. Despite its name, the purple martin is not truly purple. The dark blackish-blue feathers have an iridescent sheen caused by the diffraction of incident light^[2] giving them a bright blue to navy blue or deep purple appearance. In some light, they may even appear green in color.

Being migratory, their breeding range extends from central Alberta down through the eastern United States. Subspecies breed in Baja California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Most make a brief stopover in the Yucatán Peninsula or Cuba during pre-breeding migration to North America and during post-breeding migration before reaching their overwintering site in South America.^[3]

They are known for their speed, agility, and their characteristic mix of rapid, flapping, and gliding flight patterns. When approaching their nesting site, they will dive from the sky at great speeds with their wings tucked, just like the peregrine falcon does when hunting smaller birds.

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Progne subis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22712098A94319217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712098A94319217.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ Gill, Frank B. (2007). Ornithology. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-0-7167-4983-7.
^ Brown, Charles R. Purple Martin (Progne subis); The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole (eds.). "Purple Martin - Introduction". Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.purmar.02. S2CID 239439762. Retrieved 1 November 2009.

[iucn_status_12_November_2021-1] BirdLife International (2016). "Progne subis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22712098A94319217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712098A94319217.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

[2] Gill, Frank B. (2007). Ornithology. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-0-7167-4983-7.

[Cornell-3] Brown, Charles R. Purple Martin (Progne subis); The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole (eds.). "Purple Martin - Introduction". Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.purmar.02. S2CID 239439762. Retrieved 1 November 2009.

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