Pyrazinamide

Pyrazinamide
Clinical data
Trade namesRifater, Tebrazid, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682402
License data
Routes of
administration
By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability>90%
Metabolismliver
Elimination half-life9 to 10 hours
Excretionkidney
Identifiers
  • pyrazine-2-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.002.470 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC5H5N3O
Molar mass123.115 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(N)c1nccnc1
  • InChI=1S/C5H5N3O/c6-5(9)4-3-7-1-2-8-4/h1-3H,(H2,6,9) checkY
  • Key:IPEHBUMCGVEMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis.[2] For active tuberculosis, it is often used with rifampicin, isoniazid, and either streptomycin or ethambutol.[3] It is not generally recommended for the treatment of latent tuberculosis.[2] It is taken by mouth.[1]

Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, muscle and joint pains, and rash.[2][4] More serious side effects include gout, liver toxicity, and sensitivity to sunlight.[2] It is not recommended in those with significant liver disease or porphyria.[3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe but it is likely okay during breastfeeding.[3] Pyrazinamide is in the antimycobacterial class of medications.[2] How it works is not entirely clear.[2]

Pyrazinamide was first made in 1936, but did not come into wide use until 1972.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Pyrazinamide is available as a generic medication.[2]

  1. ^ a b Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 415. ISBN 9781284057560.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Pyrazinamide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  3. ^ a b c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary. World Health Organization. pp. 136, 140, 594, 608. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-9241547659.
  4. ^ Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM, Bucher L, Harding M (5 December 2013). Medical-surgical nursing : assessment and management of clinical problems (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-10089-2. OCLC 228373703.
  5. ^ Donald PR, van Helden PD (2011). Antituberculosis Chemotherapy. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. p. 8. ISBN 978-3805596282. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.