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Quebec
Québec (French) | |
|---|---|
| Motto(s): | |
| Coordinates: 52°N 72°W / 52°N 72°W[1] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Before confederation | Canada East |
| Confederation | July 1, 1867 (1st, with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario) |
| Capital | Quebec City |
| Largest city | Montreal |
| Largest metro | Greater Montreal |
| Government | |
| • Type | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| • Lieutenant Governor | Manon Jeannotte |
| • Premier | François Legault |
| Legislature | National Assembly of Quebec |
| Federal representation | Parliament of Canada |
| House seats | 78 of 338 (23.1%) |
| Senate seats | 24 of 105 (22.9%) |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,542,056 km2 (595,391 sq mi) |
| • Land | 1,365,128 km2 (527,079 sq mi) |
| • Water | 176,928 km2 (68,312 sq mi) 11.5% |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| 15.4% of Canada | |
| Population (2021) | |
• Total | 8,501,833[2] |
• Estimate (Q3 2024) | 9,056,044[3] |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| • Density | 6.23/km2 (16.1/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | in English: Quebecer, Quebecker, Québécois in French: Québécois (m),[4] Québécoise (f)[4] |
| Official languages | French[5] |
| GDP | |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| • Total (2022) | C$552.737 billion[6] |
| • Per capita | C$63,651 (9th) |
| HDI | |
| • HDI (2019) | 0.916[7]—Very high (9th) |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern Time Zone for most of the province[8]) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 |
| Canadian postal abbr. | QC[9] |
| Rankings include all provinces and territories | |
Quebec[a] (French: Québec [kebɛk] )[12] is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the largest province by area[b] and the second-largest by population.
With an area of 1.5 million square kilometres (0.58 million square miles) and more than 12,000 km (7,500 mi) of borders,[13][14] in North America, Quebec is located in Central Canada. The province shares land borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast and a coastal border with the territory of Nunavut. It is bathed up north by James Bay, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Ungava Bay, Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, and in the south, it shares a border with the United States.[c]
The majority of the population of Quebec lives in the St. Lawrence River valley,[15] between its most populous city, Montreal, Trois-Rivières and the provincial capital, Quebec.
Between 1534 and 1763, what is now Quebec was the French colony of Canada and was the most developed colony in New France. Following the Seven Years' War, Canada became a British colony, first as the Province of Quebec (1763–1791), then Lower Canada (1791–1841), and lastly part of the Province of Canada (1841–1867) as a result of the Lower Canada Rebellion. It was confederated with Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1867. Until the early 1960s, the Catholic Church played a large role in the social and cultural institutions in Quebec. However, the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s to 1980s increased the role of the Government of Quebec in l'État québécois (the public authority of Quebec).
The Government of Quebec functions within the context of a Westminster system and is both a liberal democracy and a constitutional monarchy. The Premier of Quebec acts as head of government. Independence debates have played a large role in Quebec politics. Quebec society's cohesion and specificity is based on three of its unique statutory documents: the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, the Charter of the French Language, and the Civil Code of Quebec. Furthermore, unlike elsewhere in Canada, law in Quebec is mixed: private law is exercised under a civil-law system, while public law is exercised under a common-law system.
Quebec's official language is French; Québécois French is the regional variety. Quebec is the only Francophone-majority province. The economy of Quebec is mainly supported by its large service sector and varied industrial sector. For exports, it leans on the key industries of aeronautics, where it is the 6th largest worldwide seller,[16] hydroelectricity, mining, pharmaceuticals, aluminum, wood, and paper. Quebec is well known for producing maple syrup, for its comedy, and for making hockey one of the most popular sports in Canada. It is also renowned for its culture; the province produces literature, music, films, TV shows, festivals, and more.
- ^ "Quebec". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "Population estimates, quarterly". Statistics Canada. September 27, 2023. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
- ^ a b Fee, Margery; McAlpine, Janice (2001). Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage. Oxford University Press. p. 335. ISBN 0-19-541619-8.
- ^ "Status of the French language". Government of Quebec. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
- ^ "Quarterly indicators, Québec and Canada". Institut de la Statistique du Québec. September 20, 2023.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab".
- ^ See Time in Canada
- ^ "Canada Postal Codes". postalcodes.azinfoportal.com. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
- ^ Barber, Katherine, ed. (2004). "Quebec". The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195418163.
- ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). "Quebec". Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
- ^ According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English "Geographical Names of pan-Canadian significance". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015.
- ^ "Geography of Quebec territory" (in French). Government of Quebec. March 28, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
Quebec is divided into 17 administrative regions which bring together 104 regional county municipalities (MRC) and several independent municipalities.
- ^ "Land and freshwater area, by province and territory". web.archive.org. May 24, 2011. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Population Density, Québec, 2006". statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- ^ Canada, Global Affairs (October 20, 2015). "Sector Snapshots - Canadian Trade Commissioner Service - Quebec". GAC. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
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