Quiet eye

Quiet eye (QE) is a period of extended visual attention that helps in optimizing the control and execution of motor skills, particularly in high-pressure situations or tasks that require precise movements. In simple terms, it is a technique reported to improve outcomes in various tasks requiring human visual attention.[1][2] Some variables relating to QE include location, duration, onset (when it starts), offset (when it ends), and the person's skill level.

Quiet eye has been the subject of several articles in journalistic periodicals,[3][4][5] and of scientific studies that evaluate it in relation to activities such as sports and surgical training.[6][7][8] A meta-analysis conducted twenty years after the initial QE study was published has identified the QE as one of three gaze behaviours that reliably distinguish professionals from non-experts.[9] Experts had a QE duration on average that was roughly 62% longer than that of non-experts. Moreover, there were 580 QE records discovered in all, demonstrating the region's tremendous expansion in recent years.[10]

The concept of quiet eye is credited to Joan Vickers, who had studied the topic since the 1980s.

  1. ^ Kohn, David (2015-11-18). "What Athletes See". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  2. ^ Vickers, Joan N. (2007). Perception, Cognition, and Decision Training: The Quiet Eye in Action. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-4256-7.
  3. ^ Britten, Nick (2010-07-13). "'Quiet Eye' technique can greatly improve putting, scientists claim". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  4. ^ Wallace, Charles (2014-06-16). "The 'quiet eye' aids elite golfers to focus on putting". Financial Times. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  5. ^ Clothier, Julie (2005-03-21). "'Quiet Eye' helps elite athletes". CNN. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  6. ^ Vine, Samuel J.; Moore, Lee J.; Wilson, Mark R. (2011-01-28). "Quiet Eye Training Facilitates Competitive Putting Performance in Elite Golfers". Frontiers in Psychology. 2 (8): 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00008. PMC 3111367. PMID 21713182.
  7. ^ Wood, Greg; Wilson, Mark R. (2012). "Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure". Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 13 (6): 721–728. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.003.
  8. ^ Causer, Joe; Harvey, Adrian; Snelgrove, Ryan; Arsenault, Gina; Vickers, Joan N. (2014). "Quiet eye training improves surgical knot tying more than traditional technical training: a randomized controlled study". The American Journal of Surgery. 208 (2): 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.042. PMID 24881015. S2CID 43100982. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  9. ^ Mann, Derek T. Y.; Williams, A. Mark; Ward, Paul; Janelle, Christopher M. (August 2007). "Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis" (PDF). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 29 (4): 457–478. doi:10.1123/jsep.29.4.457. ISSN 0895-2779. PMID 17968048. S2CID 6329154.
  10. ^ Baker, Joseph; Wattie, Nick (2016-10-13). "Sssh! We're talking about the Quiet Eye – comment on Vickers". Current Issues in Sport Science. 2016 (1). doi:10.15203/ciss_2016.102. ISSN 2414-6641.