RAGE (receptor)

AGER
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2ENS, 2M1K, 2LE9, 4LP5, 2MOV, 3O3U, 2LMB, 4LP4, 4OF5, 4OI8, 4XYN, 2MJW, 2E5E, 2L7U, 3CJJ, 4OFV, 4P2Y, 4OI7, 4YBH,%%s1PWI, 2BJP, 2E5E, 2ENS, 2L7U, 2LE9, 2LMB, 2M1K, 2MJW, 2MOV, 3CJJ, 3O3U, 4LP4, 4LP5, 4OF5, 4OFV, 4OI7, 4OI8, 4P2Y, 4XYN
Identifiers
Aliases	AGER, Ager, RAGE, SCARJ1, advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor, advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor, sRAGE
External IDs	OMIM: 600214; MGI: 893592; HomoloGene: 883; GeneCards: AGER; OMA:AGER - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p21.32 Start 32,180,968 bp[1] End 32,184,322 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse)[2] Band 17|17 B1 Start 34,816,836 bp[2] End 34,819,910 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lung upper lobe of left lung right lobe of thyroid gland left lobe of thyroid gland granulocyte spleen blood right uterine tube gastric mucosa lymph node Top expressed in right lung lobe left lung left lung lobe granulocyte thyroid gland trachea morula renal corpuscle external carotid artery renal pelvis More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function S100 protein binding protein binding identical protein binding transmembrane signaling receptor activity advanced glycation end-product binding heparin binding amyloid-beta binding scavenger receptor activity signaling receptor activity advanced glycation end-product receptor activity protein-containing complex binding Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane integral component of plasma membrane extracellular region fibrillar center plasma membrane cell junction cell surface apical plasma membrane postsynapse Biological process negative regulation of interleukin-10 production positive regulation of interleukin-12 production cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to wounding positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation innate immune response inflammatory response regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity protein localization to membrane positive regulation of JUN kinase activity regulation of DNA binding induction of positive chemotaxis regulation of inflammatory response response to hypoxia astrocyte development neuron projection development negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production positive regulation of protein phosphorylation receptor-mediated endocytosis learning or memory glucose mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion transcytosis positive regulation of JNK cascade regulation of synaptic plasticity positive regulation of astrocyte activation positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression regulation of p38MAPK cascade positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling positive regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process negative regulation of blood circulation positive regulation of microglial cell activation response to amyloid-beta cellular response to amyloid-beta positive regulation of monocyte extravasation endocytosis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 177 11596 Ensembl ENSG00000237405 ENSG00000206320 ENSG00000231268 ENSG00000234729 ENSG00000229058 ENSG00000204305 ENSG00000230514 ENSMUSG00000015452 UniProt Q15109 Q62151 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001136 NM_001206929 NM_001206932 NM_001206934 NM_001206936 NM_001206940 NM_001206954 NM_001206966 NM_172197 NM_001271422 NM_001271423 NM_001271424 NM_007425 RefSeq (protein) NP_001127 NP_001193858 NP_001193861 NP_001193863 NP_001193865 NP_001193869 NP_001193883 NP_001193895 NP_751947 NP_001258351 NP_001258352 NP_001258353 NP_031451 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 32.18 – 32.18 Mb Chr 17: 34.82 – 34.82 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), also called AGER, is a 35 kilodalton transmembrane receptor^[5] of the immunoglobulin super family which was first characterized in 1992 by Neeper et al.^[6] Its name comes from its ability to bind advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), which include chiefly glycoproteins, the glycans of which have been modified non-enzymatically through the Maillard reaction. In view of its inflammatory function in innate immunity and its ability to detect a class of ligands through a common structural motif, RAGE is often referred to as a pattern recognition receptor. RAGE also has at least one other agonistic ligand: high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). HMGB1 is an intracellular DNA-binding protein important in chromatin remodeling which can be released by necrotic cells passively, and by active secretion from macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells.

The interaction between RAGE and its ligands is thought to result in pro-inflammatory gene activation.^[7][8] Due to an enhanced level of RAGE ligands in diabetes or other chronic disorders, this receptor is hypothesised to have a causative effect in a range of inflammatory diseases such as diabetic complications, Alzheimer's disease and even some tumors.

Isoforms of the RAGE protein, which lack the transmembrane and the signaling domain (commonly referred to as soluble RAGE or sRAGE) are hypothesized to counteract the detrimental action of the full-length receptor and are hoped to provide a means to develop a cure against RAGE-associated diseases.