RNA-binding protein

Not to be confused with retinol binding proteins, also abbreviated as RBPs.

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA[1] in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes. RBPs contain various structural motifs, such as RNA recognition motif (RRM), dsRNA binding domain, zinc finger and others.[2][3] They are cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. However, since most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus relatively quickly, most RBPs in the nucleus exist as complexes of protein and pre-mRNA called heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs). RBPs have crucial roles in various cellular processes such as: cellular function, transport and localization. They especially play a major role in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, such as: splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stabilization, mRNA localization and translation. Eukaryotic cells express diverse RBPs with unique RNA-binding activity and protein–protein interaction. According to the Eukaryotic RBP Database (EuRBPDB), there are 2961 genes encoding RBPs in humans. During evolution, the diversity of RBPs greatly increased with the increase in the number of introns. Diversity enabled eukaryotic cells to utilize RNA exons in various arrangements, giving rise to a unique RNP (ribonucleoprotein) for each RNA. Although RBPs have a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression, relatively few RBPs have been studied systematically.It has now become clear that RNA–RBP interactions play important roles in many biological processes among organisms.[4][5][6]

  1. ^ RNA-Binding+Proteins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  2. ^ Lunde BM, Moore C, Varani G (June 2007). "RNA-binding proteins: modular design for efficient function". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (6): 479–90. doi:10.1038/nrm2178. PMC 5507177. PMID 17473849.
  3. ^ Liu, S; Li, B; Liang, Q; Liu, A; Qu, L; Yang, J (November 2020). "Classification and function of RNA-protein interactions". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA. 11 (6): e1601. doi:10.1002/wrna.1601. PMID 32488992. S2CID 219284021.
  4. ^ Hogan DJ, Riordan DP, Gerber AP, Herschlag D, Brown PO (October 2008). "Diverse RNA-binding proteins interact with functionally related sets of RNAs, suggesting an extensive regulatory system". PLOS Biology. 6 (10): e255. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060255. PMC 2573929. PMID 18959479.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Glisovic was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Liu, S; Li, B; Liang, Q; Liu, A; Qu, L; Yang, J (November 2020). "Classification and function of RNA-protein interactions". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA. 11 (6): e1601. doi:10.1002/wrna.1601. PMID 32488992. S2CID 219284021.