R (programming language)

R
R terminal
ParadigmsMulti-paradigm: procedural, object-oriented, functional, reflective, imperative, array[1]
Designed byRoss Ihaka and Robert Gentleman
DeveloperR Core Team
First appearedAugust 1993; 31 years ago (1993-08)
Stable release
4.4.2[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 31 October 2024; 23 days ago (31 October 2024)
Typing disciplineDynamic
Platformarm64 and x86-64
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-later[3]
Filename extensions
  • .r[4]
  • .rdata
  • .rhistory
  • .rds
  • .rda[5]
Websitewww.r-project.org Edit this at Wikidata
Influenced by
Influenced
Julia[7] pandas[8]

R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics, and data analysis.[9]

The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.

R software is open-source and free software. It is licensed by the GNU Project and available under the GNU General Public License.[3] It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems.

As an interpreted language, R has a native command line interface. Moreover, multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are available, such as RStudio—an integrated development environment—and Jupyter—a notebook interface.

  1. ^ a b Morandat, Frances; Hill, Brandon; Osvald, Leo; Vitek, Jan (11 June 2012). "Evaluating the design of the R language: objects and functions for data analysis". European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. 2012: 104–131. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31057-7_6. Retrieved 17 May 2016 – via SpringerLink.
  2. ^ Peter Dalgaard (31 October 2024). "4.4.2 is released". Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b "R - Free Software Directory". directory.fsf.org. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  4. ^ "R scripts". mercury.webster.edu. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  5. ^ "R Data Format Family (.rdata, .rda)". Loc.gov. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  6. ^ Hornik, Kurt; The R Core Team (12 April 2022). "R FAQ". The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 3.3 What are the differences between R and S?. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  7. ^ "Introduction". The Julia Manual. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Comparison with R". pandas Getting started. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  9. ^ Giorgi, Federico M.; Ceraolo, Carmine; Mercatelli, Daniele (27 April 2022). "The R Language: An Engine for Bioinformatics and Data Science". Life. 12 (5): 648. Bibcode:2022Life...12..648G. doi:10.3390/life12050648. PMC 9148156. PMID 35629316.