Radiologically isolated syndrome

Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is a clinical situation in which a person has white matter lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS), as shown on an MRI scan that was done for reasons unrelated to MS symptoms. The nerve lesions in these people show dissemination in space with an otherwise normal neurological examination and without historical accounts of typical MS symptoms.[1]

MRI findings that are consistent with multiple sclerosis have been observed in healthy people who underwent MRI scanning, and 50% go on to develop symptomatic MS, sometimes with a primary progressive course.[2][3] This condition was first characterized in 2009.[4]

  1. ^ Labiano-Fontcuberta, Andrés; Benito-León, Julián (October 2016). "Radiologically isolated syndrome: An update on a rare entity". Multiple Sclerosis. 22 (12): 1514–1521. doi:10.1177/1352458516653666. ISSN 1477-0970. PMID 27288053. S2CID 31847038.
  2. ^ Reich, Daniel S; Lucchinetti, Claudia F.; Calabresi, Peter A (January 2018). "Multiple Sclerosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 378 (2): 169–180. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1401483. PMC 6942519. PMID 29320652.
  3. ^ Kantarci, Orhun H.; Lebrun, Christine; Siva, Aksel; Keegan, Mark B.; Azevedo, Christina J.; Inglese, Matilde; Tintoré, Mar; Newton, Braeden D.; Durand-Dubief, Francoise (February 2016). "Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Evolving From Radiologically Isolated Syndrome". Annals of Neurology. 79 (2): 288–294. doi:10.1002/ana.24564. hdl:11365/1003841. ISSN 1531-8249. PMID 26599831. S2CID 19868714.
  4. ^ Okuda, D. T.; Mowry, E. M.; Beheshtian, A.; Waubant, E.; Baranzini, S. E.; Goodin, D. S.; Hauser, S. L.; Pelletier, D. (2009-03-03). "Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome". Neurology. 72 (9): 800–805. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a. ISSN 1526-632X. PMID 19073949. S2CID 9981947.