Ramesses XI

Ramesses XI^[1]
Ramesses XI
Also written Ramses and Rameses
	Ramesses XI from the Temple of Khonsu in Karnak, drawn by Karl Richard Lepsius
Pharaoh
Reign	1107–1078/77 BC
Predecessor	Ramesses X
Successor	Smendes
Horus name
Horus name
	Kanakht Meryre; K3-nḫt-mrj-Rˁ; Strong bull, beloved of Ra
Nebty name
	Userkhepesh Hedhefenu; Wsr-ḫpš hd-ḥfnw; He whose blow is powerful, he whose attacks are countless
Golden Horus
	Werpehtisankhtawy Ityankhwedjaseneb Seheribmaat Seheteptawy; Wr-pḥtj-s.ˁnḫ-t3wy-jty-ˁnḫ-wḏ-snb-shr-ib-M3ˁt-s.ḥtp-t3wy; He whose power is great, he gives new life to the two lands, ; life, prosperity, health, he reconciles the two lands under the majesty of Maat
Prenomen (Praenomen)
Nomen
Consort	Tentamun
Children	Duathathor-Henuttawy, Tentamun, Nodjmet
Father	Ramesses X?
Died	1078 or 1077 BC
Burial	KV4
Dynasty	20th Dynasty

Menmaatre Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and as such, was the last king of the New Kingdom period. He ruled Egypt for at least 29 years although some Egyptologists think he could have ruled for as long as 30. The latter figure would be up to 2 years beyond this king's highest known date of Year 10 of the Whm Mswt era or Year 28 of his reign.^[3] One scholar, Ad Thijs, has suggested that Ramesses XI could even have reigned as long as 33 years.^[4]

It is believed that Ramesses ruled into his Year 29 since a graffito records that the general and High Priest of Amun Piankh returned to Thebes from Nubia on III Shemu day 23—or just 3 days into what would have been the start of Ramesses XI's 29th regnal year. Piankh is known to have campaigned in Nubia during Year 28 of Ramesses XI's reign (or Year 10 of the Whm Mswt) and would have returned home to Egypt in the following year.

^ Titulary from von Beckerath, Königsnamen, pp. 174–175 (T2 and E2)
^ [1] Archived 2013-09-17 at the Wayback Machine Ramesses XI Menmaatre-setpenptah
^ Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss & David Warburton (editors), Handbook of Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Handbook of Oriental Studies), Brill: 2006, p.475
^ Ad Thijs, "Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty. Part III: Some Hitherto Unrecognised Documents from the Whm Mswt," Göttinger Miszellen 173 (1999), pp. 175-192.

[1] Titulary from von Beckerath, Königsnamen, pp. 174–175 (T2 and E2)

[2] [1] Archived 2013-09-17 at the Wayback Machine Ramesses XI Menmaatre-setpenptah

[3] Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss & David Warburton (editors), Handbook of Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Handbook of Oriental Studies), Brill: 2006, p.475

[4] Ad Thijs, "Reconsidering the End of the Twentieth Dynasty. Part III: Some Hitherto Unrecognised Documents from the Whm Mswt," Göttinger Miszellen 173 (1999), pp. 175-192.

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