Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye or Recueil des Histoires de Troye (1464) is a translation by William Caxton of a French courtly romance written by Raoul Lefèvre, chaplain to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. It was the first book printed in the English language.
Recuyell (recueil in Modern French) simply means "collection" in English. Hence, the work in Modern English would read "A Collection of the Histories of Troy". Caxton's translations and sometimes his titles incorporated words from other European languages.[1]
Caxton, probably with the assistance of Colard Mansion and Johann Veldener, printed his translation in 1473 or 1474[2] (traditionally "ca. 1475") in Bruges.[3] Just 18 copies still exist, and when the Duke of Northumberland sold one in 2014, it fetched more than £1 million.[4]
A presentation copy of the first edition with a specially made engraving showing Caxton presenting the book to Margaret of York is now in the Huntington Library, California, having previously been in the collections of the Duke of Roxburghe and the Duke of Devonshire. This royal "patronage" may have been more a form of advertising than a representation of traditional medieval patronage relationships.[5]
The English translation forms the source for the late Tudor morality play Horestes (1567).[6]
- ^ Marquez, Miguel Fuster (1991). "Aspects of vocabulary building in Caxton'sRecuyell of the Historyes of troy". English Studies. 72 (4): 328–349. doi:10.1080/00138389108598759.
- ^ Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye. Copac. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ^ E. Gordon Duff, The Printers, Stationers, and Bookbinders of Westminster and London from 1476 to 1535, New York: Arno Press, 1977, p. 6.
- ^ "First printed book in English sold for over £1m", 17 July 2014, BBC
- ^ See Rutter, Russell (1987). "William Caxton and Literary Patronage". Studies in Philology. 84 (4): 440–470.
- ^ Farnham (1936), p. 259 and Bevington (1962), p. 179