Republic of the Rif جمهورية الريف (Arabic) | |||||||||
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| 1921–1926 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of the Rif | |||||||||
 Territory of Spanish Morocco under control of the Rif Republic. | |||||||||
| Capital | Ajdir | ||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic[1] | ||||||||
| Common languages | Jebli Arabic, Tarifit | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Confederal presidential republic under a military dictatorship | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1921–1926 | Abd el-Krim | ||||||||
| Vice President | |||||||||
• 1921–1926 | Hajj Hatmi | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||||||
• Established | 18 September 1921 | ||||||||
• Rif War | 8 June 1921 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 27 May 1926 | ||||||||
| Currency | Rif Republic Riffan | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Morocco | ||||||||
| History of Morocco |
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The Republic of the Rif (Arabic: جمهورية الريف Jumhūriyyatu r-Rīf) was a confederate republic in the Rif, Morocco, that existed between 1921 and 1926. It was created in September 1921, when a coalition of Rifians and Jebala led by Abd el-Krim revolted in the Rif War against the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. The French would intervene on the side of Spain in the later stages of the conflict. A protracted struggle for independence killed many Rifians and Spanish–French soldiers, and witnessed the use of chemical weapons by the Spanish army—their first widespread deployment since the end of the World War I. The eventual Spanish–French victory was owed to the technological and manpower advantages despite their lack of morale and coherence. Following the war's end, the Republic was ultimately dissolved in 1926.[2][3][4]
- ^ Engle, Shirley H. (1964). New Perspectives in World History. National Council for the Social Studies. p. 439.
Indeed, Abdelkrim, recognizing the inherent weakness of the short-lived Berber nation, sought to bolster his strength by making Arabic the language of his government, and evolving Arab administrative arrangements and rules of procedure.
- ^ Day, Richard B.; Gaido, Daniel (2011-11-25). Discovering Imperialism: Social Democracy to World War I. BRILL. p. 549. ISBN 978-9004201569. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Wyrtzen, Jonathan (2016-02-19). Making Morocco: Colonial Intervention and the Politics of Identity. Cornell University Press. p. 183. ISBN 9781501704246. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Hall, John G.; Publishing, Chelsea House (2002). North Africa. Infobase Publishing. p. 62. ISBN 9780791057469. Retrieved 14 September 2016.