Retinoblastoma protein

RB1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesRB1, pRb, RB, retinoblastoma 1, OSRC, PPP1R130, p105-Rb, pp110, Retinoblastoma protein, RB transcriptional corepressor 1, p110-RB1
External IDsOMIM: 614041; MGI: 97874; HomoloGene: 272; GeneCards: RB1; OMA:RB1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000321

NM_009029

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000312
NP_000312.2

NP_033055

Location (UCSC)Chr 13: 48.3 – 48.6 MbChr 14: 73.42 – 73.56 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers.[5] One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, inactivating it, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.[6]

pRb belongs to the pocket protein family, whose members have a pocket for the functional binding of other proteins.[7][8] Should an oncogenic protein, such as those produced by cells infected by high-risk types of human papillomavirus, bind and inactivate pRb, this can lead to cancer. The RB gene may have been responsible for the evolution of multicellularity in several lineages of life including animals.[9]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000139687Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022105Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Murphree AL, Benedict WF (March 1984). "Retinoblastoma: clues to human oncogenesis". Science. 223 (4640): 1028–33. Bibcode:1984Sci...223.1028L. doi:10.1126/science.6320372. PMID 6320372.
  6. ^ Shao Z, Robbins PD (January 1995). "Differential regulation of E2F and Sp1-mediated transcription by G1 cyclins". Oncogene. 10 (2): 221–8. PMID 7838522.
  7. ^ Korenjak M, Brehm A (October 2005). "E2F-Rb complexes regulating transcription of genes important for differentiation and development". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 15 (5): 520–7. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.001. PMID 16081278.
  8. ^ Münger K, Howley PM (November 2002). "Human papillomavirus immortalization and transformation functions". Virus Research. 89 (2): 213–28. doi:10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00190-9. PMID 12445661.
  9. ^ Gallego J (May 2016). "Multicellular Life Was Caused By The Same Gene That Suppresses Cancer". Kansas State University.