Rhombic triacontahedron

Rhombic triacontahedron

(Click here for rotating model)
Type Catalan solid
Coxeter diagram
Conway notation jD
Face type V3.5.3.5

rhombus
Faces 30
Edges 60
Vertices 32
Vertices by type 20{3}+12{5}
Symmetry group Ih, H3, [5,3], (*532)
Rotation group I, [5,3]+, (532)
Dihedral angle 144°
Properties convex, face-transitive isohedral, isotoxal, zonohedron

Icosidodecahedron
(dual polyhedron)
Rhombic triacontahedron Net
Net
3D model of a rhombic triacontahedron

The rhombic triacontahedron, sometimes simply called the triacontahedron as it is the most common thirty-faced polyhedron, is a convex polyhedron with 30 rhombic faces. It has 60 edges and 32 vertices of two types. It is a Catalan solid, and the dual polyhedron of the icosidodecahedron. It is a zonohedron.


A face of the rhombic triacontahedron. The lengths
of the diagonals are in the golden ratio.
This animation shows a transformation from a cube to a rhombic triacontahedron by dividing the square faces into 4 squares and splitting middle edges into new rhombic faces.

The ratio of the long diagonal to the short diagonal of each face is exactly equal to the golden ratio, φ, so that the acute angles on each face measure 2 arctan(1/φ) = arctan(2), or approximately 63.43°. A rhombus so obtained is called a golden rhombus.

Being the dual of an Archimedean solid, the rhombic triacontahedron is face-transitive, meaning the symmetry group of the solid acts transitively on the set of faces. This means that for any two faces, A and B, there is a rotation or reflection of the solid that leaves it occupying the same region of space while moving face A to face B.

The rhombic triacontahedron is somewhat special in being one of the nine edge-transitive convex polyhedra, the others being the five Platonic solids, the cuboctahedron, the icosidodecahedron, and the rhombic dodecahedron.

The rhombic triacontahedron is also interesting in that its vertices include the arrangement of four Platonic solids. It contains ten tetrahedra, five cubes, an icosahedron and a dodecahedron. The centers of the faces contain five octahedra.

It can be made from a truncated octahedron by dividing the hexagonal faces into three rhombi:

A topological rhombic triacontahedron in truncated octahedron