Rinderpest

†Rinderpest morbillivirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Morbillivirus
Species:
†Rinderpest morbillivirus
Synonyms[1]

Rinderpest virus

Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.[2] The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations.[3] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.[4]

Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, and to have spread by transport of cattle.[5][6][7] The term Rinderpest (German: [ˈʁɪndɐˌpɛst] ⓘ) is a German word meaning "cattle plague".[2][7] The rinderpest virus (RPV) is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.[8] The measles virus may have emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease around 600 BC, a period that coincides with the rise of large human settlements.[9][10] After a global eradication campaign that began in the mid-20th century, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.[11] In 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. This makes it only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.[12][13]

  1. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Rinderpest morbillivirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b Donald G. McNeil Jr. (27 June 2011). "Rinderpest, Scourge of Cattle, Is Vanquished". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference one was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference two was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Tounkara, K.; Nwankpa, N. (2017). "Rinderpest experience". Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics). 36 (2): 569–578. doi:10.20506/rst.36.2.2675. ISSN 0253-1933. PMID 30152462.
  6. ^ Roeder, Peter; Mariner, Jeffrey; Kock, Richard (2013-08-05). "Rinderpest: the veterinary perspective on eradication". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 368 (1623): 20120139. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0139. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 3720037. PMID 23798687.
  7. ^ a b Donald G. McNeil Jr. (15 October 2010). "Virus Deadly in Livestock Is No More, U.N. Declares". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
  8. ^ Huygelen, C. (1997). "The immunization of cattle against rinderpest in eighteenth-century Europe". Medical History. 41 (2): 182–196. doi:10.1017/s0025727300062372. PMC 1043905. PMID 9156464.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Divergence was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Furuse, Yuki; Akira Suzuki; Hitoshi Oshitani (2010-03-04). "Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries". Virology Journal. 7: 52. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-52. ISSN 1743-422X. PMC 2838858. PMID 20202190.
  11. ^ Dennis Normile (2008). "Driven to Extinction". Science. 319 (5870): 1606–9. doi:10.1126/science.319.5870.1606. PMID 18356500. S2CID 46157093.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference bbc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ McNeil Jr., Donald G. (27 June 2011). "Rinderpest, a Centuries-Old Animal Disease, Is Eradicated". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2017.