Risperidone

Risperidone
Clinical data
Trade namesRisperdal, Okedi, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa694015
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Drug classAtypical antipsychotic[2]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability70% (by mouth)[2]
MetabolismLiver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)[2]
Elimination half-life20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)[2]
ExcretionUrinary (70%) feces (14%)[2]
Identifiers
  • 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
PubChem SID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.114.705 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC23H27FN4O2
Molar mass410.493 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F
  • InChI=1S/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)
A box of Rispolept (Risperidone) tablets

Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic[2] used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder,[2] as well as irritability associated with autism.[9] It is taken either by mouth or by injection (i.e., subcutaneous or intramuscular).[2] The injectable versions are long-acting and last for 2–4 weeks.[10]

Common side effects include weight gain, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, elevated prolactin levels, and restlessness.[2][11] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels.[2][10] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of death.[2] It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[2] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine and serotonin antagonist.[2]

Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993.[2][9][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[10] In 2022, it was the 183rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[13][14]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference generics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Risperidone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  3. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  4. ^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Risperdal Product information". Health Canada. 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Risperdal Consta 25 mg powder and solvent for prolonged-release suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Risperdal- risperidone tablet Risperdal M-Tab- risperidone tablet, orally disintegrating Risperdal- risperidone solution". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Okedi EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 15 December 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  9. ^ a b Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (2009). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. p. 627. ISBN 9781585623099.
  10. ^ a b c Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 434–435. ISBN 9781284057560.
  11. ^ Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B (July 2012). "Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians". Postgraduate Medicine. 124 (4): 154–67. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. PMID 22913904. S2CID 39697130.
  12. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  13. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  14. ^ "Risperidone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.