Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell | |
|---|---|
 Baden-Powell in scout uniform, c. 1910–20 | |
| Nickname(s) | B-P |
| Born | 22 February 1857 Paddington, London, England |
| Died | 8 January 1941 (aged 83) Nyeri, British Kenya |
| Buried | St Peter's Cemetery, Nyeri, Kenya 0°25′08″S 36°57′00″E / 0.418968°S 36.950117°E |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1876–1910 |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands |
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| Battles / wars | |
| Awards |
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| Spouse(s) | Olave St Clair Soames |
| Children |
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| Other work | Founder of The Scout Association; writer; artist |
| Signature |  |
Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB, KStJ, DL (/ˈbeɪdən ˈpoʊəl/ BAY-dən POH-əl;[3] 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, founder of The Boy Scouts Association and its first Chief Scout, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of The Girl Guides Association. Baden-Powell wrote Scouting for Boys, which, with his previous books, his 1884 Reconnaissance and Scouting and his 1899 Aids to Scouting for N.-C.Os and Men[4] (intended for the military) and The Scout magazine helped the rapid growth of the Scout Movement.[5]
Educated at Charterhouse School, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa.[6] In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell defended the town in the Siege of Mafeking.[7] His books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training, were also read by boys and used by teachers and youth organisations. In August 1907, he held an experimental camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp to test his ideas for training boys in scouting.[8] He wrote Scouting for Boys,[9] published in 1908 by C. Arthur Pearson Limited, for boy readership. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Scout Association.
In 1909, a rally of Scouts was held at The Crystal Palace. Many girls in Scout uniform attended and, in front of the press, a small group told Baden-Powell that they were the "Girl Scouts". In 1910, Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell started The Girl Guides Association.
In 1912 Baden-Powell married Olave St Clair Soames.
He gave guidance to The Scout Association and Girl Guides Association until retiring in 1937. Baden-Powell lived his last years in Nyeri, Kenya, where he died and was buried in 1941. His grave is a national monument.[10]
- ^ "Silver Buffalo Awards". Boy Scouts of America. 2014. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ^ "The Library Headlines". ScoutBase UK. Archived from the original on 15 March 2005. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
- ^ Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine (2006). Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation. Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-19-280710-2.
- ^ Available for free download from http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/dumpinventorybp.php
- ^ Deacon, Michael (8 January 2016). "The eccentric world of Robert Baden-Powell". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "Lord Baden Powell". Godalming Museum. Godalming Museum Trust. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ Köhler, Karl (June 2001). "Some Aspects of Lord Baden-Powell and the Scouts at Modderfontein". Military History Journal. 12 (1). Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "Scouting and Guiding on Brownsea Island". National Trust. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ Bond, Jenny; Sheedy, Chris (26 September 2009). "Forged in the Heat of Battle: The Origin of the Boy Scouts". Mental Floss. Mental Floss, Inc. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ Wendell, Bryan (11 April 2014). "Scouting family takes pilgrimage to Baden-Powell's grave in Kenya". Bryan on Scouting.