Robert Dunnell

This article is about the American archaeologist. For Sir Robert Francis Dunnell, the British lawyer, railway executive and civil servant, see Francis Dunnell.

Robert Chester Dunnell (December 4, 1942 – December 13, 2010[1]) was an archaeologist known for his contribution in archaeological systematics,[2][3] measurement and explanation of the archaeological record,[4][5][6] evolutionary archaeology,[7] and the archaeology of eastern North America.[8] Dunnell received his PhD from Yale University in 1967. He was a professor of anthropology at the University of Washington until his retirement in 1996 after which he was emeritus at the University of Washington as well as Mississippi State University.

Among Dunnell's contribution to archaeology was the recognition of the role the theory of biological evolution as a means of explaining cultural phenomena.[9] In addition, he argued that "cultural evolution" which has its roots in 19th Century social scientists such as Lewis Henry Morgan and Herbert Spencer is distinct from "scientific evolution" which Darwinian in character. Cultural evolution is vitalistic and assumes a direction to the nature of change (i.e., progress).[10] Darwinian evolution, Dunnell argues, holds that evolution is a two-step process in which variability generation is separate from mechanisms that sort that variability. While advocating "scientific evolution" as the basis for anthropological theory, Dunnell argued that the use of a strictly biological model was insufficient to explain cultural variability. He argued that a more comprehensive version of evolutionary theory is needed that considered cultural inheritance as an additional means of the transmission of variability between individuals. Overall, Dunnell advocated the use of a Darwinian model.[11] Dunnell's approach advocates the evolutionary model to explain (cultural) variation, while exposing the pitfalls of using analogy to explain historical events.[12]

Dunnell's geographical interests included the U.S. Southeast.

  1. ^ "In Memoriam: Robert C. Dunnell".
  2. ^ Dunnell, Robert C., 1970. Systematics in Prehistory. Free Press, NY
  3. ^ Riede, Felix; Araujo, Astolfo; Marwick, Ben (2022). "Robert C. Dunnell's Systematics in prehistory at 50". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e16. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.18. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 7612791. PMID 35663508.
  4. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1988 Low-density archeological records from plowed surfaces: some preliminary considerations. American Archeology 7(1):29-38.
  5. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1986 Methodological Issues in Americanist Artifact Classification. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. M. Schiffer, ed. Pp. 149-207. New York: Academic Press
  6. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1983 Aspects of the spatial structure of the Mayo site (15-JO-14), Johnson County, Kentucky. Anthropological papers-Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan (72):109-165.
  7. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1980 Evolutionary theory and archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. M.B. Schiffer, ed. Pp. 35-99. New York: Academic Press.
  8. ^ Dunnell, Robert Chester, and James K Feathers 1990 Later Woodland Manifestations of the Malden Plain, Southeast Missouri. In Stability, Transformation, and Variation: The Late Woodland Southeast. M.S. Nassaney and C.S. Cobb, eds. Pp. 21-45. New York: Plenum Press.
  9. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1982 Science, Social Science, Common Sense. Journal of Anthropological Research 38:1–25,
  10. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1988. The Concept of Progress in Cultural Evolution. In Evolutionary Progress? M.H. Nitecki, ed. Pp. 169-194. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  11. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1978 Style and Function: A Fundamental Dichotomy. American Antiquity 43:192-202.
  12. ^ Dunnell, Robert C. 1981 Evolutionary Theory and Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory: Selections for Students, edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. 35-99. Academic Press: New York, NY.