Robert Riley may refer to:
- Bob Riley (born 1944), governor of Alabama from 2003 to 2011.
- Bob Riley (race car designer), sports car designer and founder of Riley Technologies
- Bob C. Riley (1924–1994), acting Governor of Arkansas for 11 days in 1975
- Bob Riley (American football), American football player and coach
- Bob Riley (basketball) (born 1948), American basketball player
- Robert Christopher Riley (born 1980), American actor
- Rob Riley (Aboriginal activist) (1954–1996), Aboriginal activist advancing Indigenous issues in Australia
- Rob Riley (comic strip), British comic strip of the 1960s and 1970s
- Rob Riley (ice hockey) (born 1955), American ice hockey coach
- Robert Riley (diplomat), U.S. ambassador to Micronesia
- Robert Riley (mathematician) (died 2000), American mathematician