Robert Scalio

Robert de Hauteville (born early 1060s?),[1] also called Robert Scalio[1] or Robert Guiscard II,[2][3] was a younger son of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, and his second wife, Sikelgaita. The sources do not agree concerning whether he was older[1] or younger than his brother Guy.[4] Romuald of Salerno lists him before Guy.[5]

Robert accompanied his elder brother Roger Borsa in 1086, when the latter went to Palermo to confirm his possessions in the County of Sicily. He signed as a witness the document issued by Roger granting to the abbey of La Cava the monastery of the Holy Spirit in Bari.[3] He is last recorded in Sicily in 1096.[2]

John Tuzson argues that Robert later moved to Hungary in the following of his cousin, Queen Felicia, the wife of King Coloman of Hungary.[5] Felicia, unnamed, is described as "a lady of the highest nobility, daughter of King Robert Guiscard of Apulia" in the 14th-century Chronicon Pictum.[6] It is universally recognized that her father could not have been Robert Guiscard. It has generally been concluded that he was in fact Prince Robert I of Capua, but Tuzson argues that he was Count Roger I of Sicily, Robert Guiscard's brother.[5] He connects the younger Robert Guiscard and the queen's entourage to the Hungarian kindred of Oliver and Ratold, which the Chronicon claims originated in Caserta.[2][7]

  1. ^ a b c Stavros G. Georgiou (2022), "Guy de Hauteville, a Norman Noble in the Service of Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118)", Aiônos: Miscellanea di Studi Storici, 22: 73–97, doi:10.53136/97912218082784, at 73–74.
  2. ^ a b c John Tuzson (2002), István II (1116–1131): A Chapter in Medieval Hungarian History, Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, pp. 22–23.
  3. ^ a b Ferdinand Chalandon (1907), Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, vol. 1, Paris: A. Picard, pp. 289–290 (calling him "Robert II Guiscard").
  4. ^ Ferdinand Chalandon (1907), Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, vol. 1, Paris: A. Picard, p. 283.
  5. ^ a b c John Tuzson (2002), István II (1116–1131): A Chapter in Medieval Hungarian History, Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, p. 84.
  6. ^ János M. Bak; László Veszprémy, eds. (2018), The Illuminated Chronicle: Chronicle of the Deeds of the Hungarians from the Fourteenth-Century Illuminated Codex, Budapest: Central European University Press, pp. 286–287.
  7. ^ János M. Bak; László Veszprémy, eds. (2018), The Illuminated Chronicle: Chronicle of the Deeds of the Hungarians from the Fourteenth-Century Illuminated Codex, Budapest: Central European University Press, pp. 88–89.