The term rock rat has been used for several different types of rodents:
- Members of the family Muridae:
- Zyzomys, an Australian genus in the subfamily Murinae
- Aethomys, an African genus in the subfamily Murinae
- Members of the family Nesomyidae:
- Petromyscus, a southwestern African genus in the subfamily Petromyscinae (though these are more frequently referred to as rock mice)
- Members of the family Octodontidae:
- Members of the family Petromuridae:
- Petromus, an African genus often called dassie rats.
- Members of the family Diatomyidae: