Roman Dmowski

Roman Dmowski
Roman Dmowski
	Dmowski c. 1919
Minister of Foreign Affairs
	In office; 27 October 1923 – 14 December 1923
President	Stanisław Wojciechowski
Prime Minister	Wincenty Witos
Preceded by	Marian Seyda
Succeeded by	Karol Bertoni (Acting)
Member of the State Duma of the Russian Empire
	In office; 1907–1909
Personal details
Born	9 August 1864; Kamionek, Kingdom of Poland
Died	2 January 1939 (aged 74); Drozdowo, Poland
Resting place	Bródno Cemetery, Warsaw
Political party	National-Democratic Party (1897–1919); Popular National Union (1919–1928); National Party (from 1928);
Alma mater	University of Warsaw
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Roman Stanisław Dmowski^[b] (9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the National Democracy (abbreviated "ND": in Polish, "Endecja") political movement. He saw the Germanization of Polish territories controlled by the German Empire as the major threat to Polish culture and therefore advocated a degree of accommodation with another power that had partitioned Poland, the Russian Empire. He favoured the re-establishment of Polish independence by nonviolent means and supported policies favourable to the Polish middle class. While in Paris during World War I, he was a prominent spokesman for Polish aspirations to the Allies through his Polish National Committee. He was an instrumental figure in the postwar restoration of Poland's independent existence. Throughout most of his life, he was the chief ideological opponent of the Polish military and political leader Józef Piłsudski and of the latter's vision of Poland as a multinational federation against German and Russian imperialism.

Dmowski never wielded significant political power except for a brief period in 1923 as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Nevertheless, he was one of the most influential Polish ideologues and politicians of his time. A controversial personality most of his life, Dmowski desired a homogeneous, Polish-speaking and Roman Catholic-practicing nation as opposed to Piłsudski's vision of Prometheism, which sought a multi-ethnic Poland reminiscent of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result, his thinking marginalized other ethnic groups living in Poland, particularly those in the Kresy (which included Jews, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians), and he was regarded as anti-Semitic. He remains a key figure of Polish nationalism,^[1] and has been frequently referred to as "the father of Polish nationalism".^[2]^[3]

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Roman Dmowski
Dmowski c. 1919

Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 27 October 1923 – 14 December 1923
President	Stanisław Wojciechowski
Prime Minister	Wincenty Witos
Preceded by	Marian Seyda
Succeeded by	Karol Bertoni (Acting)
Member of the State Duma of the Russian Empire
In office 1907–1909

Personal details
Born	(1864-08-09)9 August 1864 Kamionek, Kingdom of Poland
Died	2 January 1939(1939-01-02) (aged 74) Drozdowo, Poland
Resting place	Bródno Cemetery, Warsaw
Political party	National-Democratic Party (1897–1919) Popular National Union (1919–1928)^[a] National Party (from 1928)
Alma mater	University of Warsaw
Signature