Romani language

"Romanes" redirects here. For people with the surname, see Romanes (surname).
Not to be confused with Romanian language, Roman language, Romang language, or Romansh language.
Romani
  • Romany
  • Romanes
  • Roma
rromani ćhib
EthnicityRomani
Native speakers
4.6 million (2015)[1][2]
Dialects
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-2rom
ISO 639-3rom – inclusive code
Individual codes:
rmn – Balkan Romani
rml – Baltic Romani
rmc – Carpathian Romani
rmf – Finnish Kalo
rmo – Sinte Romani
rmy – Vlax Romani
rmw – Welsh Romani
Glottologroma1329
Romani is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
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Romani people
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Romani people by sub-group
Romani diaspora by country

Romani (/ˈrɒməni, ˈroʊ-/ ROM-ə-nee, ROH-;[13][14][15][16] also Romany, Romanes /ˈrɒmənɪs/ ROM-ən-iss,[17] Roma; Romani: rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.[18] According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own. The largest of these are Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers),[19] Balkan Romani (600,000),[20] and Sinte Romani (300,000).[21] Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary – these are known by linguists as Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself.[22]

The differences between the various varieties can be as large as, for example, the differences between the Slavic languages.[23]

  1. ^ "Romany languages". Britannica. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
  2. ^ Romany at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  3. ^ Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth (7 December 2018). The Routledge Concise Compendium of the World's Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-69256-8.
  4. ^ "3rd Report of the Republic of Austria pursuant to Article 15 (1) of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" (PDF). Federal Chancellery, Constitutional Service, Austria. 2011. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages".
  6. ^ "Four Languages You Didn't Know Were Spoken in Colombia". 24 November 2015.
  7. ^ "Romanikieli ja karjalan kieli".
  8. ^ "Regional- und Minderheitensprachen" (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Federal Ministry of the Interior. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  9. ^ "National and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary" (PDF). Facts About Hungary (in Hungarian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  10. ^ "Assessing Minority Language Rights in Kosovo" (PDF). Sapientia University. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  11. ^ Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation (4 June 2018). "Nasjonale minoriteter" [National minorities]. regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  12. ^ "Про затвердження переліку мов національних меншин (спільнот) та корінних народів України, яким загрожує зникнення". Official webportal of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 7 June 2024.
  13. ^ "Romany" in Oxford Living Dictionaries
  14. ^ "Romany" in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
  15. ^ "Romany" in Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
  16. ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
  17. ^ "Romanes" in Collins English Dictionary; "Romanes" in Dictionary.com.
  18. ^ "Romani". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  19. ^ "Romani, Vlax". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 23, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  20. ^ "Romani, Balkan". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 19, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  21. ^ "Romani, Sinte". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 29, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
  22. ^ Matras (2006) "In some regions of Europe, especially the western margins (Britain, the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia), Romani-speaking communities have given up their language in favor of the majority language, but have retained Romani-derived vocabulary as an in-group code. Such codes, for instance Angloromani (Britain), Caló (Spain), or Rommani (Scandinavia) are usually referred to as Para-Romani varieties."
  23. ^ Hübschmannová 1993, p. 23.