Romania România (Romanian) | |
---|---|
Anthem: "Deșteaptă-te, române!" ("Awaken thee, Romanian!") | |
Capital and largest city | Bucharest 44°25′N 26°06′E / 44.417°N 26.100°E |
Official languages | Romanian[1] |
Recognised minority languages[2] | |
Ethnic groups |
|
Religion |
|
Demonym(s) | Romanian |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
Klaus Iohannis | |
Marcel Ciolacu | |
Nicolae Ciucă | |
Daniel Suciu | |
Legislature | Parliament |
Senate | |
Chamber of Deputies | |
Formation | |
1330 | |
1346 | |
24 January 1859 | |
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire | 13 July 1878 |
25 March 1881 | |
1 December 1918 | |
30 December 1947 | |
8 December 1991 | |
Area | |
• Total | 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi)[6] (81st) |
• Water (%) | 3 |
Population | |
• January 2024 estimate | 19,064,409[7] (63rd) |
• 2021 census | 19,053,815[8] (67th) |
• Density | 79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi) (136th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $817.986 billion[9] (35th) |
• Per capita | $43,179[9] (48th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $369.971 billion[9] (41st) |
• Per capita | $19,530[9] (56th) |
Gini (2023) | 31.0[10] medium inequality |
HDI (2022) | 0.827[11] very high (53rd) |
Currency | Romanian leu (RON) |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Calling code | +40 |
ISO 3166 code | RO |
Internet TLD | .ro[a] |
Romania[b] is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.[12][13][14] It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people (2023). Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).[15]
Settlement in the modern-day territory of Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanisation by the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania.[16] In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.
Romania is a developing country with a high-income economy,[17][18] that is emerging to be a middle power in international affairs.[19][20] Romania ranked 47th in the Global Innovation Index in 2023.[21] Its economy ranks among the fastest growing in the European Union,[22][23] being the world's 41st largest by nominal GDP, and the 35th largest by PPP, being based predominantly on services. Romanian citizens enjoy one of the fastest and cheapest internet speeds in the world.[24] It is a producer and net exporter of cars and electric energy through companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. The majority of Romania's population are ethnic Romanians and religiously identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a Romance language (more specifically Eastern Romance). Romania is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Schengen Area, NATO, the Council of Europe, BSEC, and WTO.
Geographical Facts ― Romania lies in the northern hemisphere, in the south-eastern Central Europe at the junction with Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula and at the crossroad of important routes.
Romania is located [longitudinally] in the geographical center of Europe (south-east Central Europe), north of the Balkan Peninsula, halfway between the Atlantic Coast and the Ural Mountains, [Translation]
Romania epitomizes the goal of an open and inclusive Europe. Romania is at the heart of three regions: Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans. It is where three worlds meet, not to collide, but to converge.
Romania is located in South-East Central Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. [...] The parallel of 45º north latitude (midway between the Equator and the North Pole) crosses Romania 70 km north of the capital, and the meridian of 25º east longitude (midway between the shore of the Atlantic and the Ural Mountains) passes 90 km west of Bucharest. Romania is situated at the contact of Central Europe with Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, [...] its territory constituting a bridge between Central and Southeastern Europe and the Near East.
Romania is located in the northern part of the Balkan peninsula, on the western beaches of the Black Sea. [...] Minor geographical modifications have been made since [the 19th century], but the majority of what is now modern Romania is made up of Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania. [...] Wallachia's development was influenced by South Europe and the Ottoman Empire because of its proximity to the Balkans. [...] The Transylvanian Highlands are connected to Central Europe, where the Catholic religion and Austro-Hungarian influences can still be seen today. [...] However, Moldavia has a significant cultural impact, and was impacted by Eastern European elements like the Orthodox religion and the Russian Empire. [...] In this context, Romania is seen as being on the outskirts of South, East, and Central Europe. [...] Constanza's deep-water port serves as a geo-economic center connecting the markets of Central and Eastern Europe by road, rail, and air. [...] Romania has a fair share of geopolitical goals due to its location at the intersection of Central, East, and South Europe.
WB GROUP
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Romania is a high-income country, ranking as the 45th richest economy per capita [in 2021] out of 133 studied. [...] Romania ranks as the 19th most complex country in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) ranking. Compared to a decade prior, Romania's economy has become more complex, improving 9 positions in the ECI ranking. [...] Romania is more complex than expected for its income level.
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