Roy Jenkins

The Lord Jenkins of Hillhead
Jenkins, 56, in a monochrome portrait
Jenkins in 1977
Chancellor of the University of Oxford
In office
14 March 1987 – 5 January 2003
Vice‑Chancellor
Preceded byThe Earl of Stockton
Succeeded byThe Lord Patten of Barnes
President of the European Commission
In office
6 January 1977 – 19 January 1981
Preceded byFrançois-Xavier Ortoli
Succeeded byGaston Thorn
Home Secretary
In office
4 March 1974 – 10 September 1976
Prime Minister
Preceded byRobert Carr
Succeeded byMerlyn Rees
In office
23 December 1965 – 30 November 1967
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byFrank Soskice
Succeeded byJames Callaghan
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
30 November 1967 – 19 June 1970
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Chief SecretaryJack Diamond
Preceded byJames Callaghan
Succeeded byIain Macleod
Junior ministerial offices
Minister of Aviation
In office
18 October 1964 – 23 December 1965
Prime MinisterHarold Wilson
Preceded byJulian Amery
Succeeded byFred Mulley
Party political offices
Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords
In office
16 July 1988 – 19 December 1997
LeaderPaddy Ashdown
Preceded byThe Baroness Seear
Succeeded byThe Lord Rodgers of Quarry Bank
Leader of the Social Democratic Party
In office
7 July 1982 – 13 June 1983
PresidentShirley Williams
DeputyDavid Owen
Preceded byParty established
Succeeded byDavid Owen
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
In office
8 July 1970 – 10 April 1972
LeaderHarold Wilson
Preceded byGeorge Brown
Succeeded byEdward Short
Shadow Home Secretary
In office
25 November 1973 – 4 March 1974
LeaderHarold Wilson
Preceded byShirley Williams
Succeeded byJim Prior
Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
20 June 1970 – 19 April 1972
LeaderHarold Wilson
Preceded byIain Macleod
Succeeded byDenis Healey
Parliamentary offices
Member of the House of Lords
Life peerage
1 December 1987 – 5 January 2003
Member of Parliament
for Glasgow Hillhead
In office
25 March 1982 – 18 May 1987
Preceded byTam Galbraith
Succeeded byGeorge Galloway
Member of Parliament
for Birmingham Stechford
In office
23 February 1950 – 5 January 1977[1]
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byAndrew MacKay
Member of Parliament
for Southwark Central
In office
29 April 1948 – 3 February 1950
Preceded byJohn Martin
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born
Roy Harris Jenkins

(1920-11-11)11 November 1920
Abersychan, Monmouthshire, Wales
Died5 January 2003(2003-01-05) (aged 82)
East Hendred, Oxfordshire, England
Political party
Spouse
Mary Jennifer Morris
(m. 1945)
Children3
ParentArthur Jenkins (father)
Alma mater
Military service
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Branch/serviceBritish Army
RankCaptain
UnitRoyal Artillery
Battles/warsWorld War II

Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, OM, PC (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British politician and writer who served as the sixth President of the European Commission from 1977 to 1981. At various times a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and a peer for the Liberal Democrats, he was Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary under the Wilson and Callaghan Governments.

The son of Arthur Jenkins, a coal-miner and Labour MP, Jenkins was educated at the University of Oxford and served as an intelligence officer during the Second World War. Initially elected as MP for Southwark Central in 1948, he moved to become MP for Birmingham Stechford in 1950. On the election of Harold Wilson after the 1964 election, Jenkins was appointed Minister of Aviation. A year later, he was promoted to the Cabinet to become Home Secretary. In this role, Jenkins embarked on a major reform programme; he sought to build what he described as "a civilised society", overseeing measures such as the effective abolition in Britain of both capital punishment and theatre censorship, the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality, relaxing of divorce law, suspension of birching and the liberalisation of abortion law.

After the devaluation crisis in November 1967, Jenkins replaced James Callaghan as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Throughout his time at the Treasury, Jenkins oversaw a tight fiscal policy in an attempt to control inflation, and oversaw a particularly tough Budget in 1968 which saw major tax rises. As a result of this, the Government's current account entered a surplus in 1969. After Labour unexpectedly lost the 1970 election, Jenkins was elected as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1970. He resigned from the position in 1972 after the Labour Party decided to oppose Britain's entry to the European Communities, which he strongly supported.[2] When Labour returned to power following the 1974 election, Wilson appointed Jenkins as Home Secretary for the second time. Two years later, when Wilson resigned as prime minister, Jenkins stood in the leadership election to succeed him, finishing third behind Michael Foot and the winner James Callaghan. He subsequently chose to resign from Parliament and leave British politics, to accept appointment as the first-ever British President of the European Commission, a role he took up in January 1977.

After completing his term at the Commission in 1981, Jenkins announced a surprise return to British politics; dismayed with the Labour Party's move further left under the leadership of Michael Foot, he became one of the "Gang of Four", senior Labour figures who broke away from the party and founded the SDP.[3] In 1982, Jenkins won a by-election to return to Parliament as MP for Glasgow Hillhead, taking the seat from the Conservatives in a famous result. He became leader of the SDP ahead of the 1983 election, during which he formed an electoral alliance with the Liberal Party. After his disappointment with the performance of the SDP in the election, he resigned as leader. He subsequently lost his seat in Parliament at the 1987 election to Labour's George Galloway, and accepted a life peerage shortly afterwards; he sat in the House of Lords as a Liberal Democrat.

Jenkins was later elected to succeed former prime minister Harold Macmillan as Chancellor of the University of Oxford following the latter's death; he would hold this position until his own death sixteen years later. In the late 1990s, he served as a close adviser to Prime Minister Tony Blair and chaired a major commission on electoral reform. In addition to his political career, he was also a noted historian, biographer, and writer. David Marquand described Jenkins's autobiography, A Life at the Centre (1991), as one which "will be read with pleasure long after most examples of the genre have been forgotten".[4]

  1. ^ "Mr Roy Jenkins (Hansard)".
  2. ^ "Jenkins Labour deputy leader". The Glasgow Herald. 9 July 1970. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  3. ^ Cawood, Ian J. (21 August 2013). Britain in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-136-40681-2.
  4. ^ Marquand, David (8 January 2003). "Lord Jenkins of Hillhead". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 September 2014.