| Ru | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
&sq=&lang=&file=File:MET_DP241362.jpg) Theatrical coat for Court Lady, 18th century. | |||||||||
&sq=&lang=&file=File:China,_19th_century_-_Han_Woman%27s_Jacket_-_1956.306_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg) Han Woman's ao, 19th century, from the Cleveland Museum of Art | |||||||||
| Chinese | 襦 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | short coat/ jacket | ||||||||
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| Shan | |||||||||
| Chinese | 衫 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | shirt; robe; gown; jacket | ||||||||
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| Ao | |||||||||
| Chinese | 袄 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 襖 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | outer garments/ coat/ jacket/ lined coat | ||||||||
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| Yi | |||||||||
| Chinese | 衣 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Clothes/ garment | ||||||||
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Ru (Chinese: 襦; pinyin: rú), sometimes referred to as shan (Chinese: 衫; pinyin: shān), ao (simplified Chinese: 袄; traditional Chinese: 襖; pinyin: ǎo), and yi (Chinese: 衣; pinyin: yī), is a form of traditional Chinese upper garment, or coat, or jacket, which typically has a right closure; however, they may also have a front central opening.[1] It is traditional everyday wear for women of the Han Chinese ethnic group.[1] It can be worn in combination with a skirt in a style called ruqun, or a pair of trousers in a style called shanku.
The shape and structure of Chinese upper garments, generally referred as yi (衣), varied depending on the time period.[1] Garments that overlap and close to the right originated in China and are called youren (Chinese: 右衽; pinyin: yòurèn; lit. 'right lapel').[2] The style of yi which overlaps at the front and closes on the right in a y-shape is known as jiaolingyouren (Chinese: 交領右衽; pinyin: jiāolǐngyòurèn; lit. 'intersecting collar right lapel')[note 1][3] and first appeared in the Shang dynasty.[4][5] Since then the jiaolingyouren yi has been one of the major symbols of the Sino Kingdom[3] and eventually spread throughout Asia.[5] The structure of the jackets worn in the late Qing shared some features of those worn by the ethnic Han during the Ming dynasty.[1] They continued to evolve and be worn in some form during the Republic of China.[1] Since the 1930s, the popularity of traditional Han fashion declined in favor of the qipao and Western dress.[1] It has regained prominence in the 21st century following the Hanfu movement.
- ^ a b c d e f Jiang, Wanyi; Li, Zhaoqing (2021-01-06). Analysis on Evolution, Design and Application of Women's Traditional Coats in Beijing in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China. Atlantis Press. pp. 641–648. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.210106.123. ISBN 978-94-6239-314-1. S2CID 234293619.
- ^ Yu, Song-Ok (1980). "A Comparative Study on the Upper Garment in the Ancient East and West". Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. 3: 29–46. ISSN 1229-6880.
- ^ a b Ho, Wei; Lee, Eun-Young (2009). "Modem Meaning of Han Chinese Clothing(韓服)". Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association. 11 (1): 99–109. ISSN 1229-7240.
- ^ Zhao, Yin (2014). Snapshots of Chinese culture. Xinzhi Cai. Los Angeles. ISBN 978-1-62643-003-7. OCLC 912499249.
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