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Rudolf Kloiber (14 November 1899 – 12 December 1973) was a German conductor and musicologist.
Born in Munich, Kloiber studied conducting, piano, music theory and opera direction at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich, as well as musicology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. In 1928 he received his doctorate in this subject with a dissertation about the composer Christian Cannabich. From 1921 he worked as an opera and concert conductor, from 1935 at the Theater Regensburg and from 1950 to 1958 with the Swabian Symphony Orchestra in Reutlingen, the later Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen.
He became particularly well known as the author of various music handbooks, which are still very popular today because of their objective and well-founded presentation.