Rurutu

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Rurutu
Commune
NASA picture of Rurutu Island
Flag
Location of Rurutu
Coordinates: 22°28′30″S 151°20′30″W / 22.47500°S 151.34167°W / -22.47500; -151.34167
Country	France
Overseas collectivity	French Polynesia
Subdivision	Austral Islands
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Frédéric Riveta[1]
Area 1	32.7 km2 (12.6 sq mi)
Population  (2022)[2]	2,163
• Density	66/km2 (170/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC−10:00
INSEE/Postal code	98744 /98753
Elevation	0–389 m (0–1,276 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Rūrutu is the northernmost island in the Austral archipelago of French Polynesia, and the name of a commune consisting solely of that island. It is situated 572 km (355 mi) south of Tahiti. Its land area is 32.7 km² (12.6 sq mi).^[3] It is 10.8 km long and 5.3 km wide. Its highest point (Manureva) is 389 m (1,276 ft).^[3] At the 2022 census it had a population of 2,163.^[2]

Geologically, Rurutu was initially formed 12 million years ago by the Macdonald hotspot, a hotspot associated with the Macdonald seamount. Over the next 10 million years, erosion shrank the island until it was almost an atoll. Then, just over a million years ago, Rurutu passed over the Arago hotspot, which lifted it roughly 150 meters. Steep sea cliffs of ancient coral lifted by the event—called makatea—now largely encircle the island. These are riddled with caves filled with concretions—indeed, Rurutu is largely unique among islands in French Polynesia in that its historic inhabitants were cave-dwelling.

Because it is endowed with a fringing reef, Rurutu has in recent years become known for whale watching: humpback whales come and reproduce here between July and October within easy sighting distance from the beach.

Although its tiny community still subsists primarily on fishing and basic agriculture, tourism has been a growing industry, especially since François Mitterrand's visit in 1990. Whale watching season sees the bulk of tourists, but the largely untouched native culture, the white sand beaches, and the lush tropical flora draw small numbers of tourists year-round.