 Retvizan in the Delaware River, 1902
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Retvizan |
| Operators |  Imperial Russian Navy |
| Preceded by | Potemkin |
| Succeeded by | Tsesarevich |
| Built | 1899–1902 |
| In commission | 1902–1922 |
| Completed | 1 |
| History | |
 Russian Empire | |
| Name | Retvizan |
| Ordered | 2 May 1898[Note 1] |
| Builder | William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia |
| Cost | $4,360,000 |
| Yard number | 300 |
| Laid down | 29 July 1899 |
| Launched | 23 October 1900 |
| Commissioned | 23 March 1902 |
| Captured | 2 January 1905 |
| Fate | Sunk by Japanese howitzers in Port Arthur, China, 6 December 1904 |
 Empire of Japan | |
| Name | Hizen |
| Namesake | Hizen Province |
| Acquired | 2 January 1905 |
| Out of service | April 1922 |
| Renamed | Hizen |
| Reclassified | 1 September 1921 as a 1st-class coast defence ship |
| Refit | 27 November 1905 – November 1908 |
| Stricken | 20 September 1923 |
| Fate | Sunk as gunnery target, 25 July 1924 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Type | Pre-dreadnought battleship |
| Displacement | 12,780 long tons (12,985 t) (normal) |
| Length | 386 ft 8 in (117.9 m) |
| Beam | 72 ft 2 in (22 m) |
| Draught | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Range | 4,900 nmi (9,100 km; 5,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 28 officers, 722 men |
| Armament |
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| Armour |
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Retvizan (Russian: Ретвизан) was a pre-dreadnought battleship built before the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was built by the American William Cramp & Sons because Russian shipyards were already at full capacity. Named after a Swedish ship of the line that was captured during the battle of Vyborg Bay in 1790 (Swedish: Rättvisan, meaning both fairness and justice), Retvizan was briefly assigned to the Baltic Fleet, but was transferred to the Far East in 1902.
The ship was torpedoed during the Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur during the night of 8/9 February 1904 and grounded in the harbour entrance when she attempted to take refuge inside, as her draft had significantly deepened from the amount of water she had taken aboard after the torpedo hit. She was refloated and repaired in time to join the rest of the 1st Pacific Squadron when they attempted to reach Vladivostok through the Japanese blockade on 10 August. The Japanese battle fleet engaged them again in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, forcing most of the Russian ships to return to Port Arthur after their squadron commander was killed and his flagship damaged. Retvizan was sunk by Japanese howitzers in December after the Japanese gained control of the heights around the harbour.
The Japanese raised and repaired Retvizan after Port Arthur surrendered in January 1905. She was commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Navy as Hizen (肥前) in 1908. Based in Sasebo when Japan declared war on Germany in 1914, the ship was sent to reinforce the weak British squadron off British Columbia, but diverted to Hawaii after reports of a German gunboat there. Hizen was unsuccessfully sent to search for other German ships after the Americans interned the gunboat in November. After World War I she supported the Japanese intervention in the Russian Civil War and was disarmed in 1922 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty. The ship was sunk as a gunnery target in 1924.
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