Rusyns

For other uses, see Rusyn (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Russians.
"Rusnak", "Rusins", "Russini", and "Russins" redirect here. For individuals with the last name of Rusnak, see Rusnak (surname). For the Latgalian duke, see Rūsiņš. For the surname, see Russini (surname). For the municipality in Switzerland, see Russin.
"Carpathian Rusyns" redirects here. For other uses, see Carpathian Rusyn (disambiguation).
Carpatho-Rusyns

Flag of Rusyns, approved by the World Congress of Rusyns in 2007[a][1][2]


The Rusyn coat of arms, based on the coat of arms of Subcarpathian Rus[b][2]

The Greater coat of arms of Rusyns, approved by the World Congress of Rusyns in 2023[c][3]
Total population
110,000–1,762,500[d][4]
Regions with significant populations
 Slovakia63,556–250,000 (2021, 2012)[e][4][5]
 Poland10,531–30,000 (2011, 2012)[f][4][6]
 Serbia11,483 (2022)[7]
 Ukraine10,183
853,000 (2012 ancestry estimate)[g][4][8]
 United States7,583
620,000 (2012 ancestry estimate)[4][9]
 Romania834 (2022)[10] 4,090-14,000 (estimates)[4][11][12][13]
 Croatia1,343 (2021)[14]
 Hungary2,342–6,000 (2016, 2012)[4][15]
 Czech Republic608–10,000 (2021, 2012)[4][16]
 Russia225[17] (2010)
 Canadaest. 20,000 (2012)[4]
 Australiaest. 2,500 (2012)[4]
Languages
Rusyn · Pannonian Rusyn · Ukrainian · Slovak
Polish · Serbian · Hungarian · Romanian
Religion
Predominantly Eastern Catholic
(Ruthenian Greek Catholic)
minority Eastern Orthodoxy
Related ethnic groups
Other East Slavs
(primarily Ukrainians)

Rusyns (Rusyn: Русины, romanized: Rusynŷ), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (Rusyn: Карпаторусины or Карпатьскы Русины, romanized: Karpatorusynŷ or Karpaťskŷ Rusynŷ), Ruthenians, or Rusnaks (Rusyn: Руснакы or Руснаци, romanized: Rusnakŷ or Rusnacy), are an East Slavic ethnic group from the Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn, an East Slavic language variety, treated variously as either a distinct language or a dialect of the Ukrainian language. As traditional adherents of Eastern Christianity, the majority of Rusyns are Eastern Catholics, though a minority of Rusyns practice Eastern Orthodoxy. Rusyns primarily self-identify as a distinct Slavic people[citation needed] and they are recognized as such in Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia, where they have official minority status. Alternatively, some identify more closely with their country of residence (i.e. Polish, Slovak), while others are a branch of the Ukrainian people.[18]

Rusyns are descended from an East Slavic population which inhabited the northeastern regions of the Eastern Carpathians. In those regions, there are several Rusyn groups, including Dolinyans, Boykos, Hutsuls and Lemkos.

Of the estimated 1.7 million people of Rusyn origin, only around 110,000 have been officially identified as such in recent (c. 2012) national censuses.[4] This is largely because some census-taking authorities classify them as a subgroup of the Ukrainian people, while others classify them as a distinct ethnic group.


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  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ a b "Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic: Rusyn Symbols". Academy of Rusyn Culture in the Slovak Republic. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  3. ^ "At the 17th World Congress of Rusyns, the greater coat of arms of Rusyns was approved". At the 17th World Congress of Rusyns, the greater coat of arms of Rusyns was approved. 19 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Magocsi 2015, p. 1.
  5. ^ "Number of population by ethnicity in the Slovak Republic at 1 January 2021". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno społeczna" [State and structure of the social demographics of the population] (PDF) (in Polish). Central Statistical Office of Poland. 2013. p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  7. ^ "ПОПИС 2022 - еxcел табеле | О ПОПИСУ СТАНОВНИШТВА". Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  8. ^ Чисельність осіб окремих етнографічних груп украінського етносу та їх рідна мова [Number of persons individual ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian ethnicity and their native language]. ukrcensus.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). 2001. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Карта говорiв української мови Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, 10 October 2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. – Арсеньев, К.К. – Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. – Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890–1907) Archived 2021-08-19 at the Wayback Machine, 10 October 2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005) Archived 2022-01-11 at the Wayback Machine, 10 October 2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10 October 2008.
  9. ^ "B04006: PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY, 2019 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Comunicat de presă Primele date provizorii pentru Recensământul Populației și Locuințelor, runda 2021", at https://web.archive.org/web/20221230125029/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cp-date-provizorii-rpl_2.pdf , p. 11.
  11. ^ Moser, Michael (2016). "Rusyn". In Tomasz Kamusella; Motoki Nomachi; Catherine Gibson (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Basingstoke UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 132.
  12. ^ "Populaţia după etnie" (PDF) (in Romanian). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  13. ^ "Date naţionale" (in Romanian). Erdélyi Magyar Adatbank. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
  14. ^ "Population by Ethnicity/Citizenship/Mother tongue/Religion" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022. Retrieved 2023-12-15.
  15. ^ Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data] (PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Report) (in Hungarian). Budapest. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Národnost – Sčítání 2021". Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  17. ^ "НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ПО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ И ВЛАДЕНИЮ РУССКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ" (PDF) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  18. ^ Magocsi & Pop 2005.