SAKO (programming language)

SAKO
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: structured, imperative (procedural), array
Designed byLeon Łukaszewicz, Antoni Mazurkiewicz, Jan Borowiec, Jowita Koncewicz, Maria Łącka, Stefan Sawicki, Jerzy Swianiewicz, Piotr Szorc, Alfred Szurman and Andrzej Wiśniewski[1]
DeveloperPolish Academy of Sciences
First appeared1960; 64 years ago (1960)
Influenced by
Fortran[2]

SAKO (PL: System Automatycznego KOdowania[3] - EN: An Automatic Coding System[4]) is a Polish language-based programming language written in years 1959-1960 by a team from ZAM division of Polish Academy of Sciences.[1] Originally developed for the computers XYZ and ZAM-2, in later years also for ZAM-21, ZAM-41 and Mińsk-22.[5]

General features of the SAKO language:

  • commands similar to sentences used in natural language
  • shortened the time of learning the principles of programming
  • easy to use, reduced coding time
  • transparent program code, low probability of making a mistake

It had a static address allocation. It was possible to insert code in SAS macro assembler. The compilation proceeded in two stages:

  1. From SAKO to simplified SAS macro assembler (SAS-W).
  2. From SAS-W to machine language.

The most characteristic feature of SAKO are Polish commands, e.g. CZYTAJ, SKOCZ DO. Designed primarily for programming numerical calculations.

  1. ^ a b Łukaszewicz 1966, p. 6
  2. ^ Report of a Visit to Discuss Common Programming Languages in Czechoslowakia and Poland, 1963, John A. Gosden (Editor), Roger E. Gay, John L. Jones, Jack N. Merner, Christopher J. Shaw
  3. ^ Mazurkiewicz, Antoni (1989). "Jak się programowało XYZ". Informatyka. 8-12/1989: 10–12.
  4. ^ Łukaszewicz, Leon (1961-01-01). "SAKO—An automatic coding system". Annual Review in Automatic Programming. 2: 161–176. doi:10.1016/S0066-4138(61)80008-6. ISSN 0066-4138.
  5. ^ Szmelter, Jan; Zub, Henryk. Programowanie SAKO na Mińsk-22 (in Polish). Main Library of the Military University of Technology.