SARM1

SARM1
Identifiers
Aliases	SARM1, MyD88-5, SAMD2, SARM, sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1, hHsTIR
External IDs	OMIM: 607732; MGI: 2136419; HomoloGene: 9015; GeneCards: SARM1; OMA:SARM1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	28,404,049 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	78,388,580 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of pancreas; ; islet of Langerhans; ; ganglionic eminence; ; ventricular zone; ; anterior pituitary; ; granulocyte; ; right uterine tube; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; right adrenal gland; ; body of uterus;
	Top expressed in
	superior cervical ganglion; ; neural layer of retina; ; stellate ganglion; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; spinal ganglia; ; thoracic ganglia; ; neural tube; ; ganglionic eminence; ; visual cortex; ; primary visual cortex;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; signaling adaptor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; cell projection; microtubule cytoskeleton; synapse; extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane; axon; cell junction; mitochondrion; microtubule; dendrite;
Biological process	regulation of apoptotic process; cell differentiation; immune system process; response to glucose; nervous system development; regulation of dendrite morphogenesis; negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; innate immune response; signal transduction; regulation of neuron death; positive regulation of signal transduction; response to axon injury;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	23098
	237868
	ENSG00000004139
	ENSMUSG00000050132
	Q6SZW1; Q0D2N8
	Q6PDS3
	NM_015077
	NM_001168521; NM_172795
	NP_055892; NP_055892.2
	NP_001161993; NP_766383
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 Is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SARM1 gene. It is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the Toll/Interleukin receptor-1 (TIR) family.^[5]^[6] SARM1's TIR domain has intrinsic NADase enzymatic activity that is highly conserved from archaea, plants, nematode worms, fruit flies, and humans.^[7]^[8]^[9] In mammals, SARM1 is highly expressed in neurons, where it resides in both cell bodies and axons, and can be associated with mitochondria.^[10]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004139 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050132 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Carty M, Bowie AG (March 2019). "SARM: From immune regulator to cell executioner". Biochemical Pharmacology. 161: 52–62. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.005. hdl:2262/108422. PMID 30633870. S2CID 58613555.
^ Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J (March 2017). "The SARM1 Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain Possesses Intrinsic NAD⁺ Cleavage Activity that Promotes Pathological Axonal Degeneration". Neuron. 93 (6): 1334–1343.e5. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.022. PMC 6284238. PMID 28334607.
^ Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, Yim AK, DiAntonio A, et al. (February 2018). "TIR Domain Proteins Are an Ancient Family of NAD⁺-Consuming Enzymes". Current Biology. 28 (3): 421–430.e4. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E.421E. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.024. PMC 5802418. PMID 29395922.
^ Wan L, Essuman K, Anderson RG, Sasaki Y, Monteiro F, Chung EH, et al. (August 2019). "TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD⁺-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death". Science. 365 (6455): 799–803. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..799W. doi:10.1126/science.aax1771. PMC 7045805. PMID 31439793.
^ Zhang Q, Zmasek CM, Cai X, Godzik A (April 2011). "TIR domain-containing adaptor SARM is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 35 (4): 461–468. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.013. PMC 3085110. PMID 21110998.
^ Gerdts J, Summers DW, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A (February 2016). "Axon Self-Destruction: New Links among SARM1, MAPKs, and NAD+ Metabolism". Neuron. 89 (3): 449–460. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.023. PMC 4742785. PMID 26844829.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004139 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050132 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Carty_2019-5] Carty M, Bowie AG (March 2019). "SARM: From immune regulator to cell executioner". Biochemical Pharmacology. 161: 52–62. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.005. hdl:2262/108422. PMID 30633870. S2CID 58613555.

[Essuman_2017-6] Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J (March 2017). "The SARM1 Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domain Possesses Intrinsic NAD⁺ Cleavage Activity that Promotes Pathological Axonal Degeneration". Neuron. 93 (6): 1334–1343.e5. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.022. PMC 6284238. PMID 28334607.

[7] Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, Yim AK, DiAntonio A, et al. (February 2018). "TIR Domain Proteins Are an Ancient Family of NAD⁺-Consuming Enzymes". Current Biology. 28 (3): 421–430.e4. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E.421E. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.024. PMC 5802418. PMID 29395922.

[:1-8] Wan L, Essuman K, Anderson RG, Sasaki Y, Monteiro F, Chung EH, et al. (August 2019). "TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD⁺-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death". Science. 365 (6455): 799–803. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..799W. doi:10.1126/science.aax1771. PMC 7045805. PMID 31439793.

[9] Zhang Q, Zmasek CM, Cai X, Godzik A (April 2011). "TIR domain-containing adaptor SARM is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 35 (4): 461–468. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.013. PMC 3085110. PMID 21110998.

[10] Gerdts J, Summers DW, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A (February 2016). "Axon Self-Destruction: New Links among SARM1, MAPKs, and NAD+ Metabolism". Neuron. 89 (3): 449–460. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.023. PMC 4742785. PMID 26844829.

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