| S.XIII | |
|---|---|
 SPAD S.XIII in the markings of Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, U.S. 94th Aero Squadron at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in Ohio. | |
| General information | |
| Type | Biplane fighter |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | SPAD |
| Designer | Louis Béchéreau |
| Primary users | Aéronautique Militaire |
| Number built | 8,472[1] |
| History | |
| First flight | 4 April 1917[2] |
The SPAD S.XIII is a French biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War, developed by Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés (SPAD) from the earlier and highly successful SPAD S.VII.
During early 1917, the French designer Louis Béchereau, spurred by the approaching obsolescence of the S.VII, decided to develop two new fighter aircraft, the S.XII and the S.XIII, both using a powerful new geared version of the successful Hispano-Suiza 8A engine. The cannon armament of the S.XII was unpopular, but the S.XIII proved to be one of the most capable fighters of the war, as well as one of the most-produced, with 8,472 built and orders for around 10,000 more cancelled at the Armistice.[1]
By the end of the First World War, the S.XIII had equipped virtually every fighter squadron of the Aéronautique Militaire. In addition, the United States Army Air Service also procured the type in bulk during the conflict, and some replaced or supplemented S.VIIs in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), pending the arrival of Sopwith Dolphins. It proved popular with its pilots and numerous aces from various nations flew the S.XIII. Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918, which marked the end of the First World War, surplus S.XIIIs were sold to both civil and military operators throughout the world.