Saddle Hill (New Zealand)

Saddle Hill
Saddle Hill rises over the town of Green Island, as seen from Lookout Point, Dunedin.
Highest point
Elevation	473 m (1,552 ft)
Parent peak	Silver Peak
Isolation	to Flagstaff)
Coordinates	45°54′39″S 170.°21′20″E / 45.91083°S 170.35556°E / -45.91083; 170.35556
Naming
Native name	Pukemakamaka (Māori)
Geography
Country	New Zealand
Region	Otago
District	Dunedin
Geology
Volcanic region	Dunedin Volcano complex

Saddle Hill is a prominent landmark overlooking the northeastern end of the Taieri Plains in Otago, New Zealand. Within the limits of Dunedin city, it is located 18 kilometres to the west of the city centre, between Mosgiel and Green Island, and is clearly visible from many of the city's southern hill suburbs. A lookout on the northern slopes of the hill commands a good view across the plains, with Lake Waihola visible 25 kilometres to the west in clear weather.

The hill has two peaks with the eastern peak rising to 473 metres, and the western peak – Jeffray's Hill – rising to 431 metres.

Of largely volcanic origin, the hill is part of the extinct Dunedin Volcano complex, with a base of Cretaceous breccia overlaid with Miocene igneous rocks, these in turn overlaid with Cenozoic sediments.^[1] Erosion has revealed a volcanic plug on the western peak, giving the hill its distinct breast-like shape.

The hill was – along with Cape Saunders on the Otago Peninsula – one of just two places in Otago to have been named by Captain James Cook on his 1769 voyage of discovery. Cook described the hill in his journal as "a remarkable saddle". According to pre-European Māori tradition, the hill is the remains of a taniwha called Meremere^[2] and the northern and southern peaks of hill were known by Māori by the names Makamaka and Pikiwara respectively. Early settlers' maps occasionally record the hill as "Saddleback Hill".^[3]

A small coal seam on the hill was exploited by early European settlers, and was mined from as early as 1849, the first coal mine in the country.^[4] Jaffray's Hill (often wrongly called Jeffrey's Hill, and named for the Jaffray family who owned the land from 1849 until 1937),^[3] was extensively mined for basalt gravel until the mid-1980s. A DCC landscape architect reviewed the visual effects of quarrying in 2008 after concerns from local residents, and found the hill to be "relatively unchanged".^[5] This finding, however, has been successfully challenged in court^[6] with much public opinion against^[7] the continued quarrying.