Sakha Republic

"Yakutia" redirects here. For other uses, see Yakutia (disambiguation).

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Republic
Республика Саха (Якутия)
Other transcription(s)
 • YakutСаха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ
 • RomanizationSaxa Öröspüübülükete
Flag of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Flag
Coat of arms of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Sakha Republic[3]
Coordinates: 66°24′N 129°10′E / 66.400°N 129.167°E / 66.400; 129.167
CountryRussia
Federal districtFar Eastern[1]
Economic regionFar Eastern[2]
CapitalYakutsk[4]
Government
 • BodyState Assembly (Il Tumen)[5]
 • Head[5]Aysen Nikolayev
Area
[6]
 • Total
3,083,523 km2 (1,190,555 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Population
 (2021 census)[7]
 • Total
995,686
 • Estimate 
(2018)[8]
964,330
 • Rank50th
 • Density0.32/km2 (0.84/sq mi)
 • Urban
66.8%
 • Rural
33.2%
Time zones
most (excluding districts in UTC+10:00 and UTC+11:00 time zones)UTC+09:00 (Yakutsk Time)
Oymyakonsky, Ust-Yansky and Verkhoyansky districtsUTC+10:00 (Vladivostok Time)
Abyysky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Srednekolymsky and Verkhnekolymsky districtsUTC+11:00 (Magadan Time)
ISO 3166 codeRU-SA
License plates14
OKTMO ID98000000
Official languagesRussian;[9] Yakut[10]
Websitesakha.gov.ru
Map
Interactive map of the Sakha Republic

Sakha,[a] officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),[b] is the largest republic of Russia, located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million.[11] Sakha comprises half of the area of its governing Far Eastern Federal District, and is the world's largest country subdivision, covering over 3,083,523 square kilometers (1,190,555 sq mi).[12] Yakutsk, which is the world's coldest major city,[13] is its capital and largest city.

The republic has a reputation for an extreme and severe climate, with the second lowest temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere being recorded in Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon (second only to Summit Camp, Greenland), and regular winter averages commonly dipping below −35 °C (−31 °F) in Yakutsk. The hypercontinental tendencies also result in warm summers for much of the republic.

Sakha was first home to hunting-gathering and reindeer herding Tungusic and Paleosiberian peoples such as the Evenks and Yukaghir. Migrating from the area around Lake Baikal, the Turkic Sakha people first settled along the middle Lena river sometime between the 9th and 16th centuries, likely in several waves, bringing the pastoral economic system of Central Asia with them.

The Russians colonised and incorporated the area as the Yakutsk Oblast into the Tsardom of Russia in the early-mid 17th century, obliging the indigenous peoples of the area to pay fur tribute. While the initial period following the Russian conquest saw the Sakha population drop by 70%, the Imperial period also saw the expansion of the native Yakuts from the middle Lena along the Vilyuy River to the north and the east displacing other indigenous groups. Yakutia saw some of the last battles of the Russian Civil War, and the Bolshevik authorities re-organized Yakutsk Oblast into the autonomous Yakut ASSR in 1922. The Soviet era saw the migration of many Slavs, specifically Russians and Ukrainians, into the area.

On 27 September 1990, the area became the Yakutskaya-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic, and on 27 December 1991, it became the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Law #91
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Min2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Constitution of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic 53.1
  6. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2021census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  9. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Languages was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  12. ^ Rosstat (Russian Statistical Service), 2010 Archived October 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (xls). Retrieved June 15, 2012.
  13. ^ Gamble, Jessa (January 28, 2015). "What's the world's coldest city?". The Guardian. Retrieved May 14, 2022.


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