Salience network

The salience network is theorized to mediate switching between the default mode network and central executive network.[1][2]

The salience network (SN), also known anatomically as the midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) or ventral attention network, is a large scale network of the human brain that is primarily composed of the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is involved in detecting and filtering salient stimuli, as well as in recruiting relevant functional networks.[3][4] Together with its interconnected brain networks, the SN contributes to a variety of complex functions, including communication, social behavior, and self-awareness through the integration of sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.[5]

The network is detectable through independent component analysis of resting state fMRI images, as well as seed based functional connectivity analysis. The functional connectivity has been linked with structural connectivity through diffusion tensor imaging, which reveals white matter tracts between the AI and dACC.

  1. ^ Sridharan, D.; Levitin, D. J.; Menon, V. (22 August 2008). "A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (34): 12569–12574. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10512569S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800005105. PMC 2527952. PMID 18723676.
  2. ^ Nekovarova, Tereza; Fajnerova, Iveta; Horacek, Jiri; Spaniel, Filip (30 May 2014). "Bridging disparate symptoms of schizophrenia: a triple network dysfunction theory". Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 8: 171. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00171. PMC 4038855. PMID 24910597.
  3. ^ Menon, V; Uddin, LQ (June 2010). "Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function". Brain Structure & Function. 214 (5–6): 655–67. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0. PMC 2899886. PMID 20512370.
  4. ^ Peters, SK; Dunlop, K; Downar, J (2016). "Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Loop Circuits of the Salience Network: A Central Pathway in Psychiatric Disease and Treatment". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 10: 104. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00104. PMC 5187454. PMID 28082874.
  5. ^ Menon V. (2015) Salience Network. In: Arthur W. Toga, editor. Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference, vol. 2, pp. 597-611. Academic Press: Elsevier. https://med.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/scsnl/documents/Menon_Salience_Network_15.pdf