ࠔࠌࠓࠉࠌ שומרונים السامريون | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Total population | |
| ~900 (2024)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Israel (Holon) | 460 (2021) |
 State of Palestine[a] (Kiryat Luza) | 380 (2021)[1] |
| Languages | |
| Spoken: Israeli Hebrew and Levantine Arabic Liturgy: Samaritan Hebrew and Samaritan Aramaic | |
| Religion | |
| Samaritanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Jews and other Semitic-speaking peoples | |
| Part of a series on |
| Samaritanism |
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The Samaritans (/səˈmærɪtənz/; Samaritan Hebrew: ࠔࠠࠌࠝࠓࠩࠉࠌ Šā̊merīm; Hebrew: שומרונים Šōmrōnīm; Arabic: السامريون as-Sāmiriyyūn), often preferring to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.[2] They are indigenous to Samaria, a historical region of ancient Israel and Judah that comprises the northern half of what is today referred to as the West Bank. They are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion that developed alongside Judaism.
According to their tradition, the Samaritans are descended from the Israelites who, unlike the Ten Lost Tribes of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, were not subject to the Assyrian captivity after the northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed and annexed by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around 720 BCE. Regarding the Samaritan Pentateuch as the unaltered Torah, the Samaritans view the Jews as close relatives, but claim that Judaism fundamentally alters the original Israelite religion. The most notable theological divide between Jewish and Samaritan doctrine concerns the world's holiest site, which the Jews believe is the Temple Mount in Jerusalem and which Samaritans believe is Mount Gerizim near modern Nablus and ancient Shechem.[3][4] Both Jews and Samaritans assert that the Binding of Isaac occurred at their respective holy sites, identifying them as Moriah. The Samaritans attribute their schism with the Jews to Eli, who was a High Priest of Israel around the 11th century BCE and in accordance with Samaritan beliefs, he is accused of establishing a religious shrine in Shiloh in opposition to the establishment of the original shrine on Mount Gerizim.
Once a large community, the Samaritan population shrank significantly in the wake of the Samaritan revolts, which were brutally suppressed by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century. Their numbers were further reduced by Christianization under the Byzantines and later by Islamization following the Arab conquest of the Levant.[5] In the 12th century, the Jewish explorer and writer Benjamin of Tudela estimated that only around 1,900 Samaritans remained in Palestine and Syria.[6]
As of 2024,[update] the Samaritan community numbers around 900 people, split between Israel (some 460 in Holon) and the West Bank (some 380 in Kiryat Luza).[7] The Samaritans in Kiryat Luza speak Levantine Arabic, while those in Holon primarily speak Israeli Hebrew. For liturgy, they also use Samaritan Hebrew and Samaritan Aramaic, both of which are written in the Samaritan script. According to Samaritan tradition, the position of the community's leading Samaritan High Priest has continued without interruption over the course of the last 3600 years, beginning with the Hebrew prophet Aaron. Since 2013, the 133rd Samaritan High Priest has been Aabed-El ben Asher ben Matzliach.
In censuses, Israeli law classifies the Samaritans as a distinct religious community, but the Chief Rabbinate of Israel classifies them as ethnic Jews (i.e., Israelites).[8] However, Rabbinic literature rejected the Samaritans' Halakhic Jewishness because they refused to renounce their belief that Mount Gerizim was the historical holy site of the Israelites.[b] All Samaritans in both Holon and Kiryat Luza are Israeli citizens, but those in Kiryat Luza also hold Palestinian citizenship.
Around the world, there are also significant and growing numbers of communities, families, and individuals who, despite the fact that they are not part of the Samaritan community, identify with and observe the tenets and traditions of the Samaritans' ethnic religion. The largest community outside the Levant, the "Shomrey HaTorah" of Brazil (generally known as neo-Samaritans worldwide), has approximately 3,000 members as of February 2020[update].[9][10]
- ^ a b SamUp 2022.
- ^ Shen et al. 2004, pp. 825–826, 828–829, 826–857.
- ^ Deuteronomy 16:6 (Samaritan Version) "Has Chosen"
- ^ UNESCO 2017.
- ^ Levy-Rubin 2000, pp. 257–276.
- ^ Crown, Pummer & Tal 1993, pp. 70–71.
- ^ "The Samaritan Update: An Internet Newsletter & Archive Regarding the Samaritan-Israelites". 4 March 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
The Samaritans call themselves Bene-Yisrael "Children of Israel", or Shamerim "Observant Ones"
- ^ Sela 1994, pp. 255–266.
- ^ Tsedaka 2015.
- ^ ISII: Keepers.
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