Sambalpuri language

Sambalpuri
Western Odia
ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ
'Sambalpuri' in Odia script
Native toIndia
RegionWestern Odisha
EthnicityOdias
Native speakers
2.63 million (2011 census)[1]
Odia[2][3][4]
Language codes
ISO 639-3spv
Glottologsamb1325  Sambalpuri
west2384  Western Oriya
Sambalpuri speaking areas(dialect continuum in green) in Odisha and Chhattisgarh
A Sambalpuri speaker speaking three languages, recorded in China.

Sambalpuri is an Indo-Aryan language variety spoken in western Odisha, India. It is alternatively known as Western Odia, and as Kosali (with variants Kosli, Koshal and Koshali),[5] a recently popularised but controversial term, which draws on an association with the historical region of Dakshina Kosala, whose territories also included the present-day Sambalpur region.[6][7]

Its speakers usually perceive it as a separate language, while outsiders have seen it as a dialect of Odia,[8] and standard Odia is used by Sambalpuri speakers for formal communication.[9] A 2006 survey of the varieties spoken in four villages found out that they share three-quarters of their basic vocabulary with Standard Odia.[10]

  1. ^ "Sambalpuri". Ethnologue.
  2. ^ Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India. Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum. 1979.
  3. ^ Chitrasen Pasayat (1998). Tribe, Caste, and Folk Culture. Rawat Publications. ISBN 9788170334576.
  4. ^ Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: La Behmen-Maheya. Cosmo Publications. pp. 4240–. ISBN 978-81-7755-271-3.
  5. ^ Sambalpuri language at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018) Closed access icon
  6. ^ Dash 1990, pp. 4–5.
  7. ^ G. Sahu 2001, pp. 7–8.
  8. ^ G.K. Sahu 2002, pp. 1–2.
  9. ^ Patel (n.d.) cited in Mathai & Kelsall (2013, p. 3)
  10. ^ Mathai & Kelsall 2013, pp. 4–6. The precise figures are 75–76%. This was based on comparisons of 210-item wordlists.