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 Bogusław Miedziński (pl) | |
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Sanation (Polish: Sanacja, pronounced [saˈnat͡sja]) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 Coup d'État, and came to power in the wake of that coup. In 1928 its political activists would go on to form a Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR).[1][2][3]
The Sanation movement took its name from Piłsudski's aspirations for a moral "sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic.[4] The movement functioned integrally until his death in 1935. Following his death, Sanation split into several competing factions, including "the Castle" (President Ignacy Mościcki and his partisans).[5][1][2] Sanation, which advocated authoritarian rule, rested on a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński, and Edward Śmigły-Rydz.[5] It preached the primacy of the national interest in governance, and contended against the system of parliamentary democracy.[5][1][2][3]
- ^ a b c Puchalski, Piotr (2019). Beyond Empire: Interwar Poland and the Colonial Question, 1918–1939. The University of Wisconsin–Madison Press. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Kowalski, Wawrzyniec (2020). "From May to Bereza: A Legal Nihilism in the Political and Legal Practice of the Sanation Camp 1926–1935". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia (5). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej: 133–147. doi:10.17951/sil.2020.29.5.133-147. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ a b Olstowski, Przemysław (2024). "The Formation of Authoritarian Rule in Poland between 1926 and 1939 as a Research Problem". Zapiski Historyczne (2). Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu: 27–60. doi:10.15762/ZH.2024.13. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
The case of authoritarian rule in Poland [...] following the May Coup of 1926, is notable for its unique origins [...] Rooted in a period when Poland lacked statehood [...] Polish authoritarianism evolved [...] Central to this phenomenon was Marshal Józef Piłsudski, the ideological leader of Poland's ruling camp after the May Coup of 1926
- ^ The Polish word "sanacja" is defined identically as "ł[aciński]: uzdrowienie" ("L[atin]: healing") in Słownik wyrazów obcych (Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), New York, Polish Book Importing Co., 1918 (8 years before Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 Coup d'État), p. 701; and in M. Arcta słownik wyrazów obcych (Michał Arct's Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), Warsaw, Wydawnictwo S. Arcta, 1947, p. 313. Słownik wyrazów obcych PWN (PWN Dictionary of Foreign Expressions), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1971, p. 665, defines the expression as follows: "sanacja <łac. sanatio = uzdrowienie> (sanation, from Lat[in] sanatio = healing) 1. w Polsce międzywojennej — obóz Józefa Piłsudskiego, który pod hasłem uzdrowienia stosunków politycznych i życia publicznego dokonał przewrotu wojskowego w maju 1926 r.... (1. in interwar Poland, the camp of Józef Piłsudski, who worked a military coup in May 1926 under the banner of healing politics and public life...) 2. rzad[ko używany]: uzdrowienie, np. stosunków w jakiejś instytucji, w jakimś kraju. (2. rare[ly used]: healing, e.g., of an institution, of a country.)"
- ^ a b c "Sanacja," Encyklopedia Polski, p. 601.