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Sanghyang Adi Buddha is a concept of God in Indonesian Buddhism. This term was used by Ashin Jinarakkhita at the time of Buddhist revival in Indonesia in the mid-20th century to reconcile the first principle of the official philosophical foundation of Indonesia (Pancasila), i.e. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (lit. "Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence") that requires the belief in a supreme God, which Buddhism, strictly speaking, does not believe in.[1][2] This concept is used by the Indonesian Buddhist Council, an organization that seeks to represent all Buddhist traditions in Indonesia such as Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.[3]
Adi-Buddha is a term used in Tantric Buddhism to refer to the Primordial Buddha. The term Sanghyang Adi Buddha is agreed upon and used by the Indonesian Supreme Sangha and the Indonesian Buddhist Council as the designation for God Almighty.[4][better source needed] This term is not found in Pāli Canon, but used in some old Indonesian Vajrayana texts such as Sanghyang Kamahayanikan.[3]
- ^ R. B. Cribb, Audrey Kahin (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (Second ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0810849358.
- ^ Andrew Clinton Willford, Kenneth M. George, ed. (2004). Spirited Politics: Religion and Public Life in Contemporary Southeast Asia. Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. p. 132. ISBN 978-0877277378.
- ^ a b Somo Wibowo. June 4th, 2013. Asal Muasal Istilah Sang Hyang Adi Buddha. (in Indonesian)
- ^ Shandi Bucung. November 20th, 2012. Ketuhanan Dalam Agama Buddha. (in Indonesian)