Scaptomyza

Scaptomyza
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Drosophilidae
Subfamily: Drosophilinae
Genus: Scaptomyza
Hardy, 1850
Diversity
at least 270 species

Scaptomyza is a genus of vinegar flies, insects in the family Drosophilidae. As of 2022, there are 273 described species of Scaptomyza.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Of those, 148 are endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago. This genus is part of the species-rich lineage of Hawaiian Drosophilidae, and is the sister lineage to the endemic Hawaiian Drosophila.[7] The genus Scaptomyza is one of several nested within the paraphyletic genus Drosophila.[2]

Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the geographical distribution of Scaptomyza.[8] The "single Hawaiian origin" hypothesis suggests that the common ancestor of Scaptomyza and Hawaiian Drosophila colonized Hawaii once, followed by several migrations to the mainland within Scaptomyza.[9][10] Alternatively, the "multiple Hawaiian origins" hypothesis suggests that the current distribution is the result of multiple colonization events (once for Hawaiian Drosophila and multiple times in Scaptomyza).[8]

One member of the genus in particular, S. flava, is studied as a laboratory model organism for herbivory and the evolution of plant-insect interactions.[11]

One specimen, assigned to the species S. dominicana, has been described from Dominican amber that is estimated to have been deposited at least 23 million years ago.[12]

  1. ^ Hardy, James (1849). "Note on Remedies for the Turnip-Fly amongst the Ancients, and on the Turnip-Fly of New Holland, with Notice of a New Genus and Species of Diptera". History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club: 359–362 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  2. ^ a b Rampasso, Augusto Santos; O’grady, Patrick Michael (2022-03-08). "Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii". Zootaxa. 5106 (1): 1–80. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 35391282. S2CID 247301097.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference itis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference catlife was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference gbif was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference bugref was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ O’Grady, Patrick M.; Lapoint, Richard T.; Bonacum, James; Lasola, Jackline; Owen, Elaine; Wu, Yifei; DeSalle, Rob (2011-02-01). "Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58 (2): 244–256. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.022. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 21144904.
  8. ^ a b Katoh, Toru; Izumitani, Hiroyuki F.; Yamashita, Shinji; Watada, Masayoshi (February 10, 2017). "Multiple origins of Hawaiian drosophilids: Phylogeography of Scaptomyza Hardy (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Phylogeography of Scaptomyza". Entomological Science. 20 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1111/ens.12222. S2CID 88697632.
  9. ^ Lapoint, Richard T.; O’Grady, Patrick M.; Whiteman, Noah K. (2013-10-01). "Diversification and dispersal of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae: The evolution of Scaptomyza". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (1): 95–108. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.032. ISSN 1055-7903. PMC 3769216. PMID 23669011.
  10. ^ O'Grady, Patrick; DeSalle, Rob (2008-02-22). "Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)". Biology Letters. 4 (2): 195–199. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0575. PMC 2429922. PMID 18296276.
  11. ^ Whiteman, Noah K.; Groen, Simon C.; Chevasco, Daniela; Bear, Ashley; Beckwith, Noor; Gregory, T. Ryan; Denoux, Carine; Mammarella, Nicole; Ausubel, Frederick M.; Pierce, Naomi E. (March 2011). "Mining the plant-herbivore interface with a leafmining Drosophila of Arabidopsis". Molecular Ecology. 20 (5): 995–1014. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04901.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMC 3062943. PMID 21073583.
  12. ^ Grimald, David A. (June 10, 1987). "Amber Fossil Drosophilidae (Diptera), with Particular Reference to the Hispaniolan Taxa" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (2880): 1–23.