| Disputed atoll | |
|---|---|
 Landsat 7 image of Scarborough Shoal in 2000 | |
  Scarborough Shoal  Scarborough Shoal | |
| Other names |
|
| Geography | |
| Location | South China Sea |
| Coordinates | 15°11′N 117°46′E / 15.183°N 117.767°E |
| Total islands | 2 islets with many reefs |
| Major islands | 1 |
| Highest elevation | 1.8 m (5.9 ft) |
| Highest point | South Rock |
| Administration | |
| Province | Hainan |
| Prefecture-level city | Sansha |
| District | Xisha |
| Claimed by | |
| Municipality District | Kaohsiung Cijin[1][2] |
| Province | Zambales |
| Municipality | Masinloc |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
Scarborough Shoal, also known as Panacot, Bajo de Masinloc ("Masinloc Shoal" in Spanish),[3][4] Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: 黄岩岛; pinyin: Huáng Yán Dǎo; lit. 'yellow rock island'),[5] Minzhu Jiao (Guoyu Chinese: 民主礁; lit. 'Democracy Reef'), and Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Panatag, lit. 'serene sandbank'),[6] are two skerries between Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away and the nearest landmass.[7] The atoll is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the Treaty of Washington in 1900 via the 1734 Velarde map,[8] as well as by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The atolls' status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea, such as those involving the Spratly Islands and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. In 2013, the Philippines initiated arbitration against China under UNCLOS. In 2016, the tribunal ruled that China's historic title within the nine-dash line was invalid but did not rule on sovereignty.[9][10]
The atolls' English name came from Captain Philip D'Auvergne, whose East India Company East Indiaman Scarborough grounded on one of the rocks on 12 September 1748 before sailing on to China.[b]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Lin, Cheng-yi (19 February 2008). "Taiwan's Spratly Initiative in the South China Sea". Association for Asia Research. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China (Taiwan) reiterates its position on the South China Sea". Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 7 July 2015.
- ^ "Philippine position on Bajo de Masinloc (Scarborough Shoal) and the waters within its vicinity". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Department of Foreign Affairs. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
The name Bajo de Masinloc (translated as "under Masinloc") itself identifies the shoal as a particular political subdivision of the Philippine province of Zambales, known as Masinloc.
- ^ "Republic Act No. 9522". Philippine Supreme Court E-Library. Supreme Court of the Philippines. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Aning, Jerome (5 May 2012). "PH plane flies over Panatag Shoal". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Zou, Keyuan (1999). "Scarborough Reef: a new flashpoint in Sino-Philippine relations?" (PDF). IBRU Boundary & Security Bulletin, University of Durham. 7 (2): 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Elleman, Bruce; Kotkin, Stephen; Schofield, Clive (18 December 2014). Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-51564-7. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Mateo, Janvic (7 June 2024). "China has backed Philippine maritime zone – Carpio". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Matikas Santos (12 July 2016). "China's 'nine-dash line, historic rights' invalid–tribunal". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "PRESS RELEASE—The South China Sea Arbitration" (PDF) (Press release). Permanent Court of Arbitration. 12 July 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ W. Gilbert (1804) A New Nautical Directory for the East-India and China Navigation .., pp.480–482.
- ^ James Horsburgh · 'India Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and the Interjacent Ports' 1817 p. 255
- ^ Joseph Huddart (1801). The Oriental Navigator, Or, New Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies: Also for the Use of Ships Trading in the Indian and China Seas to New Holland, &c. &c. James Humphreys. p. 454. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2016.